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A re-examination of the index effect: Gambling on additions to and deletions from the S&P 500's [`]gold seal'

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  • Kappou, Konstantina
  • Brooks, Chris
  • Ward, Charles W.R.

Abstract

This study examines the abnormal returns, trading activity, volatility and long-term performance of stocks that were added to the S&P 500 index. By using a three-factor pricing model that allows for firm size and value characteristics as well as market risk, we are able to shed new light on the widely observed [`]index effect'. We find that the CAPM tends to overstate the performance of large firms and to understate the performance of small firms. We also find a transitory increase in trading volume between the announcement and a few days after the effective date. In terms of the firm's operating performance, we find a significant increase in earnings per share after inclusion, which combines with the stock price rise to leave the average price-earnings ratio largely unaltered. Examining a unique sample of deletions of international companies and replacements with US companies, we find that deleted stocks experienced a considerable and permanent fall in price, inconsistent with the Investor Recognition Hypothesis. The "seal" of S&P 500 index membership has very long-term effects and inclusion appears not to be an information-free event.

Suggested Citation

  • Kappou, Konstantina & Brooks, Chris & Ward, Charles W.R., 2008. "A re-examination of the index effect: Gambling on additions to and deletions from the S&P 500's [`]gold seal'," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 325-350, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:22:y:2008:i:3:p:325-350
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    Cited by:

    1. L. C. Baran & T. H. D. King, 2014. "S&P 500 Index reconstitutions and information asymmetry," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(11), pages 777-791, June.
    2. Konstantina Kappou & Ioannis Oikonomou, 2016. "Is There a Gold Social Seal? The Financial Effects of Additions to and Deletions from Social Stock Indices," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 133(3), pages 533-552, February.
    3. Brooks, Chris & Godfrey, Chris & Hillenbrand, Carola & Money, Kevin, 2016. "Do investors care about corporate taxes?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 218-248.
    4. Brooks, Chris & Kappou, Konstantina & Stevenson, Simon & Ward, Charles, 2013. "The performance effects of composition changes on sector specific stock indices: The case of European listed real estate," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 132-142.
    5. Baran, Lindsay, 2017. "Director connectedness and firm value in S&P 500 Index reconstitutions," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 63-79.

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