IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/intfin/v96y2024ics1042443124001094.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How does standardization affect OTC markets in the long term? Evidence from the small bang reform in the CDS market

Author

Listed:
  • Manac, Radu-Dragomir
  • Banti, Chiara
  • Kellard, Neil

Abstract

Focusing on the most liquid segment of the European CDS market, this paper studies the impact of a key standardization reform, known as the CDS Small Bang. We document that the reform provided unexpected long-term consequences. Particularly, we show that the introduction of an upfront fee to standardize the cash flow of CDS contracts created an initial capital cost for traders, which acts as a friction that increases CDS prices. This relation holds after accounting for well-known determinants of spreads, suggesting a separate funding channel driven by the greater capital intensity of trading. This effect grows in magnitude for several years following the implementation of the reform, becomes stronger when dealers are likely to bear the initial capital cost and is present across all industries, except for swaps written on financials shortly after the reform was introduced.

Suggested Citation

  • Manac, Radu-Dragomir & Banti, Chiara & Kellard, Neil, 2024. "How does standardization affect OTC markets in the long term? Evidence from the small bang reform in the CDS market," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:96:y:2024:i:c:s1042443124001094
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2024.102043
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1042443124001094
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.intfin.2024.102043?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Loon, Yee Cheng & Zhong, Zhaodong (Ken), 2016. "Does Dodd-Frank affect OTC transaction costs and liquidity? Evidence from real-time CDS trade reports," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(3), pages 645-672.
    2. Calice, Giovanni, 2014. "CDX and iTraxx and their relation to the systemically important financial institutions: Evidence from the 2008–2009 financial crisis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 20-37.
    3. Sergio Mayordomo & Juan Ignacio Peña & Eduardo S. Schwartz, 2014. "Are All Credit Default Swap Databases Equal?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 20(4), pages 677-713, September.
    4. Loon, Yee Cheng & Zhong, Zhaodong Ken, 2014. "The impact of central clearing on counterparty risk, liquidity, and trading: Evidence from the credit default swap market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(1), pages 91-115.
    5. Duffie, Darrell & Scheicher, Martin & Vuillemey, Guillaume, 2015. "Central clearing and collateral demand," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(2), pages 237-256.
    6. Nicholas Vause, 2010. "Counterparty risk and contract volumes in the credit default swap market," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    7. Wang, Xinjie & Wu, Yangru & Yan, Hongjun & Zhong, Zhaodong (Ken), 2021. "Funding liquidity shocks in a quasi-experiment: Evidence from the CDS Big Bang," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(2), pages 545-560.
    8. Benbouzid, Nadia & Mallick, Sushanta K. & Sousa, Ricardo M., 2017. "Do country-level financial structures explain bank-level CDS spreads?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 135-145.
    9. Zhiguo He & Arvind Krishnamurthy, 2013. "Intermediary Asset Pricing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(2), pages 732-770, April.
    10. Viral V Acharya & Tim Eisert & Christian Eufinger & Christian Hirsch, 2018. "Real Effects of the Sovereign Debt Crisis in Europe: Evidence from Syndicated Loans," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 31(8), pages 2855-2896.
    11. Emil N. Siriwardane, 2019. "Limited Investment Capital and Credit Spreads," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 74(5), pages 2303-2347, October.
    12. Narayanan, Rajesh & Uzmanoglu, Cihan, 2018. "Credit Default Swaps and Firm Value," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(3), pages 1227-1259, June.
    13. Rene M. Stulz, 2010. "Credit Default Swaps and the Credit Crisis," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 24(1), pages 73-92, Winter.
    14. Tobias Adrian & Erkko Etula & Tyler Muir, 2014. "Financial Intermediaries and the Cross-Section of Asset Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2557-2596, December.
    15. Tang, Dragon Yongjun & Yan, Hong, 2017. "Understanding transactions prices in the credit default swaps market," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 1-27.
    16. Markus K. Brunnermeier & Lasse Heje Pedersen, 2009. "Market Liquidity and Funding Liquidity," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(6), pages 2201-2238, June.
    17. Ericsson, Jan & Jacobs, Kris & Oviedo, Rodolfo, 2009. "The Determinants of Credit Default Swap Premia," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(1), pages 109-132, February.
    18. Nashikkar, Amrut & Subrahmanyam, Marti G. & Mahanti, Sriketan, 2011. "Liquidity and Arbitrage in the Market for Credit Risk," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(3), pages 627-656, June.
    19. Viral V Acharya & Tim Eisert & Christian Eufinger & Christian Hirsch, 2019. "Whatever It Takes: The Real Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policy," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(9), pages 3366-3411.
    20. Antje Berndt & Iulian Obreja, 2010. "Decomposing European CDS Returns," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 14(2), pages 189-233.
    21. Albert J. Menkveld & Guillaume Vuillemey, 2021. "The Economics of Central Clearing," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 13(1), pages 153-178, November.
    22. Rene M. Stulz, 2010. "Credit Default Swaps and the Credit Crisis," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 24(1), pages 73-92, Winter.
    23. Annaert, Jan & De Ceuster, Marc & Van Roy, Patrick & Vespro, Cristina, 2013. "What determines Euro area bank CDS spreads?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 444-461.
    24. Tang, Dragon Yongjun & Yan, Hong, 2010. "Market conditions, default risk and credit spreads," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 743-753, April.
    25. Jin-Chuan Duan & Tao Wang, 2012. "Measuring Distance-to-Default for Financial and Non-Financial Firms," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Risk Management Institute, Singapore (ed.), Global Credit Review, chapter 6, pages 95-108, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    26. Das, Sanjiv R. & Hanouna, Paul, 2009. "Hedging credit: Equity liquidity matters," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 112-123, January.
    27. Jin-Chuan Duan & Tao Wang, 2012. "Measuring Distance-to-Default for Financial and Non-Financial Firms," Global Credit Review (GCR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 2(01), pages 95-108.
    28. Anderson, Mike, 2017. "What Drives the Commonality between Credit Default Swap Spread Changes?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(1), pages 243-275, February.
    29. Hui, Cho-Hoi & Lo, Chi-Fai & Lau, Chun-Sing, 2013. "Option-implied correlation between iTraxx Europe Financials and Non-Financials Indexes: A measure of spillover effect in European debt crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 3694-3703.
    30. Jakob Haan & Razvan Vlahu, 2016. "Corporate Governance Of Banks: A Survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 228-277, April.
    31. Iñaki Aldasoro & Torsten Ehlers, 2018. "The credit default swap market: what a difference a decade makes," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, June.
    32. Acharya, Viral & Bisin, Alberto, 2014. "Counterparty risk externality: Centralized versus over-the-counter markets," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 153-182.
    33. Alexander, Carol & Kaeck, Andreas, 2008. "Regime dependent determinants of credit default swap spreads," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 1008-1021, June.
    34. Gabriel Chodorow-Reich, 2014. "Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policy on Financial Institutions," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 45(1 (Spring), pages 155-227.
    35. Aldasoro, Iñaki & Ehlers, Torsten & Eren, Egemen, 2022. "Global banks, dollar funding, and regulation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    36. Galil, Koresh & Shapir, Offer Moshe & Amiram, Dan & Ben-Zion, Uri, 2014. "The determinants of CDS spreads," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 271-282.
    37. Arora, Navneet & Gandhi, Priyank & Longstaff, Francis A., 2012. "Counterparty credit risk and the credit default swap market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 280-293.
    38. Koutmos, Dimitrios, 2019. "Asset pricing factors and bank CDS spreads," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 19-41.
    39. Daures-Lescourret, Laurence & Fulop, Andras, 2022. "Standardization, transparency initiatives, and liquidity in the CDS market," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 59(PA).
    40. He, Zhiguo & Kelly, Bryan & Manela, Asaf, 2017. "Intermediary asset pricing: New evidence from many asset classes," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(1), pages 1-35.
    41. Pedro Pires & João Pedro Pereira & Luís Filipe Martins, 2015. "The Empirical Determinants of Credit Default Swap Spreads: a Quantile Regression Approach," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 21(3), pages 556-589, June.
    42. Boehmer, Ekkehart & Chava, Sudheer & Tookes, Heather E., 2015. "Related Securities and Equity Market Quality: The Case of CDS," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(3), pages 509-541, June.
    43. Martin Oehmke & Adam Zawadowski, 2017. "The Anatomy of the CDS Market," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(1), pages 80-119.
    44. Eugenio Cerutti & Stijn Claessens & Lev Ratnovski, 2017. "Global liquidity and cross-border bank flows," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 32(89), pages 81-125.
    45. M Konrad Borowicz, 2021. "Contracts as regulation: the ISDA Master Agreement," Capital Markets Law Journal, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(1), pages 72-94.
    46. Darrell Duffie & Haoxiang Zhu, 2011. "Does a Central Clearing Counterparty Reduce Counterparty Risk?," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 1(1), pages 74-95.
    47. Augustin, Patrick & Subrahmanyam, Marti G. & Tang, Dragon Yongjun & Wang, Sarah Qian, 2014. "Credit Default Swaps: A Survey," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 9(1-2), pages 1-196, December.
    48. Sidanius, Che & Zikes, Filip, 2012. "Financial Stability Paper No 18: OTC derivatives reform and collateral demand impact," Bank of England Financial Stability Papers 18, Bank of England.
    49. Corò, Filippo & Dufour, Alfonso & Varotto, Simone, 2013. "Credit and liquidity components of corporate CDS spreads," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 5511-5525.
    50. Manuel Arellano & Stephen Bond, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 277-297.
    51. Alessio Saretto & Heather E. Tookes, 2013. "Corporate Leverage, Debt Maturity, and Credit Supply: The Role of Credit Default Swaps," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 26(5), pages 1190-1247.
    52. Pereira, John & Sorwar, Ghulam & Nurullah, Mohamed, 2018. "What drives corporate CDS spreads? A comparison across US, UK and EU firms," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 188-200.
    53. Benjamin Junge & Anders B. Trolle, 2013. "Liquidity Risk in Credit Default Swap Markets," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 13-65, Swiss Finance Institute, revised Aug 2015.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Augustin, Patrick & Subrahmanyam, Marti G. & Tang, Dragon Yongjun & Wang, Sarah Qian, 2014. "Credit Default Swaps: A Survey," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 9(1-2), pages 1-196, December.
    2. Wang, Xinjie & Wu, Yangru & Yan, Hongjun & Zhong, Zhaodong (Ken), 2021. "Funding liquidity shocks in a quasi-experiment: Evidence from the CDS Big Bang," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(2), pages 545-560.
    3. Ka Kei Chan & Ming‐Tsung Lin & Qinye Lu, 2024. "Corporate credit default swap systematic factors," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(7), pages 1224-1256, July.
    4. Czech, Robert, 2021. "Credit default swaps and corporate bond trading," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    5. Cenedese, Gino & Ranaldo, Angelo & Vasios, Michalis, 2020. "OTC premia," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(1), pages 86-105.
    6. Gündüz, Yalin, 2018. "Mitigating counterparty risk," Discussion Papers 35/2018, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    7. Irresberger, Felix & Weiß, Gregor N.F. & Gabrysch, Janet & Gabrysch, Sandra, 2018. "Liquidity tail risk and credit default swap spreads," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 269(3), pages 1137-1153.
    8. Nina Boyarchenko & Anna M. Costello & Or Shachar, 2020. "The Long and Short of It: The Post-Crisis Corporate CDS Market," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 26(3), pages 1-49, June.
    9. Gregor Helmut Schoenemann, 2022. "The man in the middle—liquidity provision under central clearing in the credit default swap market: A regression discontinuity approach," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(3), pages 446-471, March.
    10. Kryzanowski, Lawrence & Perrakis, Stylianos & Zhong, Rui, 2021. "Financial oligopolies and parallel exclusion in the credit default swap markets," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    11. Roshanthi Dias, 2017. "The role of managerial risk-taking in the ‘rise and fall’ of the CDS market," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 57, pages 117-145, April.
    12. Arnold, M., 2017. "The impact of central clearing on banks’ lending discipline," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 91-114.
    13. Hwang Hee Lee & Frederick Dongchuhl Oh, 2022. "The role of credit default swaps in determining corporate payout policy," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(2), pages 635-661, June.
    14. Fontana, Silvia Dalla & Holz auf der Heide, Marco & Pelizzon, Loriana & Scheicher, Martin, 2019. "The anatomy of the euro area interest rate swap market," SAFE Working Paper Series 255, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    15. Alena Audzeyeva & Xu Wang, 2023. "Fundamentals, real-time uncertainty and CDS index spreads," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 1-33, July.
    16. Daures-Lescourret, Laurence & Fulop, Andras, 2022. "Standardization, transparency initiatives, and liquidity in the CDS market," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 59(PA).
    17. Kiesel, Florian & Kolaric, Sascha & Norden, Lars & Schiereck, Dirk, 2021. "To change or not to change? The CDS market response of firms on credit watch," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    18. Julian S. Leppin & Stefan Reitz, 2016. "The Role of a Changing Market Environment for Credit Default Swap Pricing," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(3), pages 209-223, July.
    19. Oh, Byungmin & Park, Haerang & Joe, Denis Yongmin, 2024. "Determinants of credit default swap spread changes: The sell-side perspective," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    20. Augustin, Patrick & Sokolovski, Valeri & Subrahmanyam, Marti G. & Tomio, Davide, 2022. "How sovereign is sovereign credit risk? Global prices, local quantities," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 92-111.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:96:y:2024:i:c:s1042443124001094. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/intfin .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.