IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/intfin/v89y2023ics1042443123001191.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Did cryptomarket chaos unleash Silvergate's bankruptcy? investigating the high-frequency volatility and connectedness behind the collapse

Author

Listed:
  • Esparcia, Carlos
  • Escribano, Ana
  • Jareño, Francisco

Abstract

We examine intraday volatility connectedness of the Silvergate’s equity, a major crypto bank, and eight of the main existing cryptocurrencies using data surrounding the collapse of the bank, from 10:00 UTC + 1 on January 3 to 13:00 UTC + 1 on March 13, 2023. To that purpose, we first estimate intraday hourly volatility time series by applying a mcGARCH model which are then used to provide network connectedness measures via a TVP-VAR model. Thus, our findings revolve around five key ideas. (1) This study suggests that cryptomarket usual uncertainty contributes to Silvergate's collapse, (2) rather than the other way around. (3) The study also highlights the complex interconnectedness of cryptocurrencies during market stress and (4) the linkages between leading cryptocurrencies that contributed to the Silvergate crash. (5) Finally, conventional and green cryptocurrencies are shown to provide the highest net impact on overall volatility connectedness.

Suggested Citation

  • Esparcia, Carlos & Escribano, Ana & Jareño, Francisco, 2023. "Did cryptomarket chaos unleash Silvergate's bankruptcy? investigating the high-frequency volatility and connectedness behind the collapse," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:89:y:2023:i:c:s1042443123001191
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101851
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1042443123001191
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101851?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kamal, Javed Bin & Hassan, M. Kabir, 2022. "Asymmetric connectedness between cryptocurrency environment attention index and green assets," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    2. Mensi, Walid & Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed & Al-Jarrah, Idries Mohammad Wanas & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2020. "Dynamic volatility transmission and portfolio management across major cryptocurrencies: Evidence from hourly data," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    3. Francis X. Diebold & Kamil Yilmaz, 2009. "Measuring Financial Asset Return and Volatility Spillovers, with Application to Global Equity Markets," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 119(534), pages 158-171, January.
    4. Wood, Robert A & McInish, Thomas H & Ord, J Keith, 1985. "An Investigation of Transactions Data for NYSE Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 40(3), pages 723-739, July.
    5. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    6. Abubakr Naeem, Muhammad & Iqbal, Najaf & Lucey, Brian M. & Karim, Sitara, 2022. "Good versus bad information transmission in the cryptocurrency market: Evidence from high-frequency data," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    7. OlaOluwa S. Yaya & Ahamuefula E. Ogbonna & Robert Mudida & Nuruddeen Abu, 2021. "Market efficiency and volatility persistence of cryptocurrency during pre‐ and post‐crash periods of Bitcoin: Evidence based on fractional integration," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1318-1335, January.
    8. Bouri, Elie & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2021. "Volatility connectedness of major cryptocurrencies: The role of investor happiness," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).
    9. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Gabauer, David, 2017. "Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on TVP-VAR," MPRA Paper 78282, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Azmi, Wajahat & Anwer, Zaheer & Azmi, Shujaat Naeem & Nobanee, Haitham, 2023. "How did major global asset classes respond to Silicon Valley Bank failure?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    11. Elsayed, Ahmed H. & Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Chi Keung Marco, 2022. "Risk transmissions between bitcoin and traditional financial assets during the COVID-19 era: The role of global uncertainties," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    12. Schinckus, Christophe, 2021. "Proof-of-work based blockchain technology and Anthropocene: An undermined situation?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    13. McGroarty, Frank & ap Gwilym, Owain & Thomas, Stephen, 2009. "The role of private information in return volatility, bid-ask spreads and price levels in the foreign exchange market," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 387-401, April.
    14. Balcilar, Mehmet & Ozdemir, Huseyin & Agan, Busra, 2022. "Effects of COVID-19 on cryptocurrency and emerging market connectedness: Empirical evidence from quantile, frequency, and lasso networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 604(C).
    15. Roy Cerqueti & Massimiliano Giacalone & Raffaele Mattera, 2020. "Skewed non-Gaussian GARCH models for cryptocurrencies volatility modelling," Papers 2004.11674, arXiv.org.
    16. Pham, Linh & Karim, Sitara & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Long, Cheng, 2022. "A tale of two tails among carbon prices, green and non-green cryptocurrencies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    17. Corbet, Shaen & Meegan, Andrew & Larkin, Charles & Lucey, Brian & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2018. "Exploring the dynamic relationships between cryptocurrencies and other financial assets," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 28-34.
    18. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Tolentino, Marta, 2023. "Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    19. Koop, Gary & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Potter, Simon M., 1996. "Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 119-147, September.
    20. Su, Fei & Wang, Xinyi & Yuan, Yulin, 2022. "The intraday dynamics and intraday price discovery of bitcoin," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    21. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    22. Yousaf, Imran & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "Static and dynamic connectedness between NFTs, Defi and other assets: Portfolio implication," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    23. Masih, Abul M. M. & Masih, Rumi, 1997. "Dynamic linkages and the propagation mechanism driving major international stock markets: An analysis of the pre- and post-crash eras," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 859-885.
    24. Rognone, Lavinia & Hyde, Stuart & Zhang, S. Sarah, 2020. "News sentiment in the cryptocurrency market: An empirical comparison with Forex," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    25. Yousaf, Imran & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Responses of US equity market sectors to the Silicon Valley Bank implosion," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    26. Frankovic, Jozo & Liu, Bin & Suardi, Sandy, 2022. "On spillover effects between cryptocurrency-linked stocks and the cryptocurrency market: Evidence from Australia," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    27. Díaz, Antonio & Esparcia, Carlos & Huélamo, Diego, 2023. "Stablecoins as a tool to mitigate the downside risk of cryptocurrency portfolios," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    28. Smith, Kenneth L., 2001. "Pre- and post-1987 crash frequency domain analysis among Pacific Rim equity markets," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 69-87, February.
    29. C. Alexander & M. Dakos, 2020. "A critical investigation of cryptocurrency data and analysis," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(2), pages 173-188, February.
    30. Yousaf, Imran & Abrar, Afsheen & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Connectedness between travel & tourism tokens, tourism equity, and other assets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    31. Pelger, Markus, 2019. "Large-dimensional factor modeling based on high-frequency observations," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 208(1), pages 23-42.
    32. Hattori, Takahiro & Ishida, Ryo, 2021. "Did the introduction of Bitcoin futures crash the Bitcoin market at the end of 2017?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    33. Zeng, Ting & Yang, Mengying & Shen, Yifan, 2020. "Fancy Bitcoin and conventional financial assets: Measuring market integration based on connectedness networks," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 209-220.
    34. Onur Özdemir, 2022. "Cue the volatility spillover in the cryptocurrency markets during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from DCC-GARCH and wavelet analysis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-38, December.
    35. Kurka, Josef, 2019. "Do cryptocurrencies and traditional asset classes influence each other?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 38-46.
    36. Jalan, Akanksha & Matkovskyy, Roman, 2023. "Systemic risks in the cryptocurrency market: Evidence from the FTX collapse," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    37. Chu, Jeffrey & Zhang, Yuanyuan & Chan, Stephen, 2019. "The adaptive market hypothesis in the high frequency cryptocurrency market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 221-231.
    38. Dai, Chaoxing & Lu, Kun & Xiu, Dacheng, 2019. "Knowing factors or factor loadings, or neither? Evaluating estimators of large covariance matrices with noisy and asynchronous data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 208(1), pages 43-79.
    39. Urquhart, Andrew & Zhang, Hanxiong, 2019. "Is Bitcoin a hedge or safe haven for currencies? An intraday analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 49-57.
    40. Akyildirim, Erdinc & Conlon, Thomas & Corbet, Shaen & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Understanding the FTX exchange collapse: A dynamic connectedness approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    41. Brandvold, Morten & Molnár, Peter & Vagstad, Kristian & Andreas Valstad, Ole Christian, 2015. "Price discovery on Bitcoin exchanges," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 18-35.
    42. Sebastião, Helder & Godinho, Pedro, 2020. "Bitcoin futures: An effective tool for hedging cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Esparcia, Carlos & Escribano, Ana & Jareño, Francisco, 2024. "Assessing the crypto market stability after the FTX collapse: A study of high frequency volatility and connectedness," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    2. Esparcia, Carlos & López, Raquel, 2024. "Performance of crypto-Forex portfolios based on intraday data," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    3. Al-Shboul, Mohammad & Assaf, Ata & Mokni, Khaled, 2022. "When bitcoin lost its position: Cryptocurrency uncertainty and the dynamic spillover among cryptocurrencies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    4. Aharon, David Y. & Alon, Ilan & Vakhromov, Oleg, 2024. "Metaverse tokens or metaverse stocks – Who’s the boss?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    5. David Y. Aharon & Zaghum Umar & Xuan Vinh Vo, 2021. "Dynamic spillovers between the term structure of interest rates, bitcoin, and safe-haven currencies," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-25, December.
    6. Yousaf, Imran & Pham, Linh & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Interconnectedness between healthcare tokens and healthcare stocks: Evidence from a quantile VAR approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 271-283.
    7. Yousaf, Imran & Riaz, Yasir & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Energy cryptocurrencies: Assessing connectedness with other asset classes," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    8. Urom, Christian & Abid, Ilyes & Guesmi, Khaled & Chevallier, Julien, 2020. "Quantile spillovers and dependence between Bitcoin, equities and strategic commodities," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 230-258.
    9. Li, Xingyi & Gan, Kai & Zhou, Qi, 2023. "Dynamic volatility connectedness among cryptocurrencies and China's financial assets in standard times and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    10. Thomas F. P. Wiesen & Lakshya Bharadwaj, 2023. "Cryptocurrency Connectedness: Does Controlling for the Cross-Correlations Matter?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(20), pages 2873-2880, November.
    11. Fasanya, Ismail O. & Oyewole, Oluwatomisin & Dauda, Mariam, 2023. "Uncertainty due to infectious diseases and bitcoin-gold nexus: Evidence from a non-parametric causality-in-quantiles approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Hu, Yang & Lang, Chunlin & Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les, 2023. "Exploring the dynamic behaviour of commodity market tail risk connectedness during the negative WTI pricing event," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    13. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Tolentino, Marta, 2023. "Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    14. Costantini, Mauro & Maaitah, Ahmad & Mishra, Tapas & Sousa, Ricardo M., 2023. "Bitcoin market networks and cyberattacks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 630(C).
    15. Wang, Xuetong & Fang, Fang & Ma, Shiqun & Xiang, Lijin & Xiao, Zumian, 2024. "Dynamic volatility spillover among cryptocurrencies and energy markets: An empirical analysis based on a multilevel complex network," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
    16. Peng‐Fei Dai & John W. Goodell & Luu Duc Toan Huynh & Zhifeng Liu & Shaen Corbet, 2023. "Understanding the transmission of crash risk between cryptocurrency and equity markets," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 58(3), pages 539-573, August.
    17. Ali, Shoaib & Naveed, Muhammad & Hanif, Hasan & Gubareva, Mariya, 2024. "The resilience of Shariah-compliant investments: Probing the static and dynamic connectedness between gold-backed cryptocurrencies and GCC equity markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    18. Yousaf, Imran & Assaf, Ata & Demir, Ender, 2024. "Relationship between real estate tokens and other asset classes: Evidence from quantile connectedness approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    19. Urom, Christian & Guesmi, Khaled & Abid, Ilyes & Dagher, Leila, 2023. "Dynamic integration and transmission channels among interest rates and oil price shocks," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 296-317.
    20. David Gabauer, 2020. "Volatility impulse response analysis for DCC‐GARCH models: The role of volatility transmission mechanisms," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(5), pages 788-796, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Silvergate; Intraday volatility; High frequency connectedness; mcGARCH; TVP-VAR;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G17 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:89:y:2023:i:c:s1042443123001191. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/intfin .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.