IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/eurman/v41y2023i6p845-863.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Going deep into a leader's integrity: A systematic review and the way forward

Author

Listed:
  • Nawaz, Asif
  • Gilal, Faheem Gul
  • Channa, Khalil Ahmed
  • Gilal, Rukhsana Gul

Abstract

Both academics and industry experts prioritize integrity as the most important leadership quality. The attention placed on integrity is evident by the fact that 71 research papers have only been published in ISI/Scopus-indexed journals over the last five years. Given the importance of the topic, this study conducted a thorough evaluation of 129 research papers on leadership integrity published in 70 prestigious journals between 1998 and 2020 using the SPAR-4-SLR framework developed by Paul, Lim, O’Cass, Hao, and Bresciani (2021). The review examines the body of literature on leadership integrity, ranging from conceptual clarity to recent debate, and compares the theories advocated by different leadership academics. We also thoroughly examined each scale used (for example, ten measures) by leadership researchers in order to determine the best scales. The current review also offers recommendations for future leadership research and frames the nomological network of leadership integrity in relation to its correlates (i.e., antecedents, mediators, moderators, and multiple-level outcomes).

Suggested Citation

  • Nawaz, Asif & Gilal, Faheem Gul & Channa, Khalil Ahmed & Gilal, Rukhsana Gul, 2023. "Going deep into a leader's integrity: A systematic review and the way forward," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 845-863.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:eurman:v:41:y:2023:i:6:p:845-863
    DOI: 10.1016/j.emj.2022.11.001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263237322001505
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.emj.2022.11.001?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. K. Michele Kacmar & Reginald Tucker, 2016. "The Moderating Effect of Supervisor’s Behavioral Integrity on the Relationship between Regulatory Focus and Impression Management," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 135(1), pages 87-98, April.
    2. Chopdar, Prasanta Kr & Paul, Justin & Prodanova, Jana, 2022. "Mobile shoppers’ response to Covid-19 phobia, pessimism and smartphone addiction: Does social influence matter?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    3. Michael Palanski & Kristin Cullen & William Gentry & Chelsea Nichols, 2015. "Virtuous Leadership: Exploring the Effects of Leader Courage and Behavioral Integrity on Leader Performance and Image," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 132(2), pages 297-310, December.
    4. Justin Paul & Gabriel R. G. Benito, 2018. "A review of research on outward foreign direct investment from emerging countries, including China: what do we know, how do we know and where should we be heading?," Asia Pacific Business Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 90-115, January.
    5. Zulfiqar Hussain Pathan & Zeng Jianqiu & Faheem Gul Gilal & Shafaq Salam, 2017. "Linking ICT utilisation to SME's performance: miracle or mirage? The empirical evidence and lesson from Pakistan," International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(2), pages 149-166.
    6. Janie Fritz & Naomi O’Neil & Ann Popp & Cory Williams & Ronald Arnett, 2013. "The Influence of Supervisory Behavioral Integrity on Intent to Comply with Organizational Ethical Standards and Organizational Commitment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 114(2), pages 251-263, May.
    7. Babu, Nishat & De Roeck, Kenneth & Raineri, Nicolas, 2020. "Hypocritical organizations: Implications for employee social responsibility," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 376-384.
    8. Hyo Sun Jung & Kyung Hwa Seo & Hye Hyun Yoon, 2020. "The Importance of Leader Integrity on Family Restaurant Employees’ Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Exploring Sustainability of Employees’ Generational Differences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-12, March.
    9. Md. Mahmudul Alam & Jamaliah Said & Mohamad Azizal Abd Aziz, 2018. "Role of integrity system, internal control system and leadership practices on the accountability practices in the public sectors of Malaysia," Social Responsibility Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(7), pages 955-976, December.
    10. Michael Palanski & Surinder Kahai & Francis Yammarino, 2011. "Team Virtues and Performance: An Examination of Transparency, Behavioral Integrity, and Trust," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 99(2), pages 201-216, March.
    11. David Prottas, 2008. "Perceived Behavioral Integrity: Relationships with Employee Attitudes, Well-Being, and Absenteeism," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 81(2), pages 313-322, August.
    12. Brown, Michael E. & Trevino, Linda K. & Harrison, David A., 2005. "Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 97(2), pages 117-134, July.
    13. Cambier, Fanny & Poncin, Ingrid, 2020. "Inferring brand integrity from marketing communications: The effects of brand transparency signals in a consumer empowerment context," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 260-270.
    14. Faheem Gul Gilal & Zubaida Ashraf & Naeem Gul Gilal & Rukhsana Gul Gilal & Nisar Ahmed Channa, 2019. "Promoting environmental performance through green human resource management practices in higher education institutions: A moderated mediation model," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(6), pages 1579-1590, November.
    15. Conz, Elisa & Magnani, Giovanna, 2020. "A dynamic perspective on the resilience of firms: A systematic literature review and a framework for future research," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 400-412.
    16. Tony Simons, 2002. "Behavioral Integrity: The Perceived Alignment Between Managers' Words and Deeds as a Research Focus," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 13(1), pages 18-35, February.
    17. Paul, Justin & Criado, Alex Rialp, 2020. "The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know?," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(4).
    18. Jiang, Jane Y. & Law, Kenneth S. & Sun, James J. M., 2014. "Leader–Member Relationship and Burnout: The Moderating Role of Leader Integrity," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(2), pages 223-247, July.
    19. Zhang, Gang & Bai, Yuntao & Caza, Arran & Wang, Lu, 2014. "Leader Integrity and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour in China," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(2), pages 299-319, July.
    20. George Brenkert, 2009. "ISCT, Hypernorms, and Business: A Reinterpretation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 88(4), pages 645-658, October.
    21. David Prottas, 2013. "Relationships Among Employee Perception of Their Manager’s Behavioral Integrity, Moral Distress, and Employee Attitudes and Well-Being," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 113(1), pages 51-60, March.
    22. Martha Andrews & K. Kacmar & Charles Kacmar, 2015. "The Interactive Effects of Behavioral Integrity and Procedural Justice on Employee Job Tension," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 126(3), pages 371-379, February.
    23. Samuel Ogbeibu & Abdelhak Senadjki & Jude Emelifeonwu & Paramjeet Singh Vohra, 2020. "Inspiring Creativity in Diverse Organizational Cultures: An Expatriate Integrity Dilemma," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 9(1), pages 28-41, March.
    24. Kyoko Fukukawa, 2019. "Response-Ability: Practicing Integrity Through Intimacy in the Marketplace," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(1), pages 251-262, November.
    25. Hannes Leroy & Michael Palanski & Tony Simons, 2012. "Authentic Leadership and Behavioral Integrity as Drivers of Follower Commitment and Performance," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 107(3), pages 255-264, May.
    26. Palanski, Michael E. & Yammarino, Francis J., 2007. "Integrity and Leadership:: Clearing the Conceptual Confusion," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 171-184, June.
    27. Jack McCann & Roger Holt, 2009. "Ethical Leadership and Organizations: An Analysis of Leadership in the Manufacturing Industry Based on the Perceived Leadership Integrity Scale," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 87(2), pages 211-220, June.
    28. Paul, Justin, 2019. "Masstige model and measure for brand management," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 299-312.
    29. Mojgan Zarghamifard & Hasan Danaeefard, 2020. "What drives leader integrity?," International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 14(1), pages 1-33.
    30. Rangapriya Kannan-Narasimhan & Barbara Lawrence, 2012. "Behavioral Integrity: How Leader Referents and Trust Matter to Workplace Outcomes," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 111(2), pages 165-178, December.
    31. Sabrina Scheidler & Laura Marie Edinger-Schons & Jelena Spanjol & Jan Wieseke, 2019. "Scrooge Posing as Mother Teresa: How Hypocritical Social Responsibility Strategies Hurt Employees and Firms," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 157(2), pages 339-358, June.
    32. Manjit Monga, 2016. "Meaning of integrity from the upper echelons’ perspective," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 50(6), pages 333-340, Special I.
    33. repec:osf:socarx:94d8v_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    34. Bhukya, Ramulu & Paul, Justin & Kastanakis, Minas & Robinson, Sarah, 2022. "Forty years of European Management Journal: A bibliometric overview," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 10-28.
    35. Billore, Soniya & Anisimova, Tatiana, 2021. "Panic buying research: A systematic literature review and future research agenda," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue Early Vie.
    36. Fu Yang & Jun Liu & Zhen Wang & Yucheng Zhang, 2019. "Feeling Energized: A Multilevel Model of Spiritual Leadership, Leader Integrity, Relational Energy, and Job Performance," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 158(4), pages 983-997, September.
    37. Tasneem Fatima & Usman Raja & Muhammad Abdur Rahman Malik & Sadia Jahanzeb, 2020. "Leader–member exchange quality and employees job outcomes: a parallel mediation model," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(2), pages 309-332, June.
    38. Sean A. Way & Tony Simons & Hannes Leroy & Elizabeth A. Tuleja, 2018. "What is in it for Me? Middle Manager Behavioral Integrity and Performance," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(3), pages 765-777, July.
    39. Mark Gosling & Heh Huang, 2009. "The Fit Between Integrity and Integrative Social Contracts Theory," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 90(3), pages 407-417, December.
    40. Gupta, Parul & Chauhan, Sumedha, 2021. "Firm capabilities and export performance of small firms: A meta-analytical review," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 558-576.
    41. Fuan Li & Sixue Zhang & Xuelian Yang, 2018. "Moral Integrity and Relationship Commitment: An Empirical Examination in a Cross-Cultural Setting," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 151(3), pages 785-798, September.
    42. Muhammad Arshad & Ghulam Abid & Francoise Venezia Contreras Torres, 2021. "Impact of prosocial motivation on organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating role of ethical leadership and leader–member exchange," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 133-150, February.
    43. He Peng & Feng Wei, 2018. "Trickle-Down Effects of Perceived Leader Integrity on Employee Creativity: A Moderated Mediation Model," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(3), pages 837-851, July.
    44. Vrontis, Demetris & Siachou, Evangelia & Sakka, Georgia & Chatterjee, Sheshadri & Chaudhuri, Ranjan & Ghosh, Arka, 2022. "Societal effects of social media in organizations: Reflective points deriving from a systematic literature review and a bibliometric meta-analysis," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 151-162.
    45. Gilal, Faheem Gul & Zhang, Jian & Paul, Justin & Gilal, Naeem Gul, 2019. "The role of self-determination theory in marketing science: An integrative review and agenda for research," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 29-44.
    46. Huang, Heh Jason & Hung, Yishuo, 2013. "Gender differences and behavioral integrity: From a social contract perspective," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 19(1), pages 86-100, January.
    47. Tony Simons & Hannes Leroy & Veroniek Collewaert & Stijn Masschelein, 2015. "How Leader Alignment of Words and Deeds Affects Followers: A Meta-analysis of Behavioral Integrity Research," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 132(4), pages 831-844, December.
    48. Anne Davis & Hannah Rothstein, 2006. "The Effects of the Perceived Behavioral Integrity of Managers on Employee Attitudes: A Meta-analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 67(4), pages 407-419, September.
    49. Nishat Babu & Kenneth de Roeck & Nicolas Raineri, 2020. "Hypocritical organizations: Implications for employee social responsibility," Post-Print hal-03796007, HAL.
    50. Manjit Monga, 2016. "Integrity and its antecedent: A unified conceptual framework of integrity," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 50(5), pages 415-421, Special I.
    51. Swain, Ajaya K. & Cao, Qing Ray & Gardner, William L., 2018. "Six Sigma success: Looking through authentic leadership and behavioral integrity theoretical lenses," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 5(C), pages 120-132.
    52. Elsetouhi, Ahmed M. & Hammad, Ahmed A. & Nagm, Abd-Elhakim A. & Elbaz, Ahmed Mohamed, 2018. "Perceived leader behavioral integrity and employee voice in SMEs travel agents: The mediating role of empowering leader behaviors," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 100-115.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. He Peng & Feng Wei, 2020. "How and When Does Leader Behavioral Integrity Influence Employee Voice? The Roles of Team Independence Climate and Corporate Ethical Values," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 166(3), pages 505-521, October.
    2. Yurou Liu & Jinyang Liu, 2024. "Social Integrity and Stock Price Crash Risk," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 190(3), pages 703-721, March.
    3. He Peng & Feng Wei, 2018. "Trickle-Down Effects of Perceived Leader Integrity on Employee Creativity: A Moderated Mediation Model," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(3), pages 837-851, July.
    4. Ziya Ete & Olga Epitropaki & Qin Zhou & Les Graham, 2022. "Leader and Organizational Behavioral Integrity and Follower Behavioral Outcomes: The Role of Identification Processes," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 176(4), pages 741-760, April.
    5. Fuan Li & Sixue Zhang & Xuelian Yang, 2018. "Moral Integrity and Relationship Commitment: An Empirical Examination in a Cross-Cultural Setting," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 151(3), pages 785-798, September.
    6. Ariail, Donald L. & Khayati, Amine & Shawver, Tara, 2021. "Perceptions by employed accounting students of ethical leadership and political skill: Evidence for including political skill in ethics pedagogy," Journal of Accounting Education, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    7. Gretchen R. Vogelgesang & Craig Crossley & Tony Simons & Bruce J. Avolio, 2021. "Behavioral Integrity: Examining the Effects of Trust Velocity and Psychological Contract Breach," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 172(1), pages 175-190, August.
    8. Tony Simons & Hannes Leroy & Veroniek Collewaert & Stijn Masschelein, 2015. "How Leader Alignment of Words and Deeds Affects Followers: A Meta-analysis of Behavioral Integrity Research," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 132(4), pages 831-844, December.
    9. K. Michele Kacmar & Reginald Tucker, 2016. "The Moderating Effect of Supervisor’s Behavioral Integrity on the Relationship between Regulatory Focus and Impression Management," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 135(1), pages 87-98, April.
    10. Yongjun Choi & David J. Yoon & Dongkyu Kim, 2020. "Leader Behavioral Integrity and Employee In-Role Performance: The Roles of Coworker Support and Job Autonomy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
    11. Martha Andrews & K. Kacmar & Charles Kacmar, 2015. "The Interactive Effects of Behavioral Integrity and Procedural Justice on Employee Job Tension," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 126(3), pages 371-379, February.
    12. Bhardwaj, Bhawana & Sharma, Dipanker, 2023. "Migration of skilled professionals across the border: Brain drain or brain gain?," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 1021-1033.
    13. Basu, Rituparna & Paul, Justin & Singh, Kandarp, 2022. "Visual merchandising and store atmospherics: An integrated review and future research directions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 397-408.
    14. Jen-Shou Yang & Li-Ching Tsai, 2023. "The moderating effects of trustor characteristics and the cost of being trusted on the relationship between felt trust and OCB intention," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(7), pages 2417-2441, October.
    15. Michael Palanski & Kristin Cullen & William Gentry & Chelsea Nichols, 2015. "Virtuous Leadership: Exploring the Effects of Leader Courage and Behavioral Integrity on Leader Performance and Image," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 132(2), pages 297-310, December.
    16. Su, Wenjia & Junge, Sebastian, 2023. "Unlocking the recipe for organizational resilience: A review and future research directions," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 1086-1105.
    17. Lotfi Dehkharghani, Leila & Paul, Justin & Maharati, Yaghoob & Menzies, Jane, 2023. "Employee silence in an organizational context: A review and research agenda," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 1072-1085.
    18. Shenjiang Mo & Junqi Shi, 2017. "Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Burnout, Workplace Deviance and Performance: Testing the Mediating Roles of Trust in Leader and Surface Acting," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 144(2), pages 293-303, August.
    19. David Prottas, 2013. "Relationships Among Employee Perception of Their Manager’s Behavioral Integrity, Moral Distress, and Employee Attitudes and Well-Being," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 113(1), pages 51-60, March.
    20. Sean A. Way & Tony Simons & Hannes Leroy & Elizabeth A. Tuleja, 2018. "What is in it for Me? Middle Manager Behavioral Integrity and Performance," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(3), pages 765-777, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:eurman:v:41:y:2023:i:6:p:845-863. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/115/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.