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Vulnerable energy, vulnerable food: Assessing the effects of energy vulnerability on food security in Africa

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  • Cao, Lansheng
  • Nguea, Stéphane Mbiankeu

Abstract

Many African countries struggle with reliable and affordable energy. This lack of energy access has serious consequences, especially for food security. This study investigates the relationship between energy vulnerability and food security in 27 African countries. Using Driscoll-Kraay, IV-GMM, and panel quantile regressions, we analyse quantitative data on energy vulnerability and food security indicators. Our findings reveal that limited access to affordable, reliable and modern energy sources is strongly linked to lower levels of food security. The analysis highlights that rising energy vulnerability significantly leads to reduced food security. Sub-regional analysis indicates divergent results. The study underscores the importance of addressing energy vulnerabilities as a critical component of enhancing food security in the region. Lastly, we found that GDP per capita, consumer price index, ICT, and government size are channels through which energy vulnerability affects food security. Policymakers should focus on promoting inclusive economic growth, reducing inflation, expanding access to ICT, strengthening government capacity, and fostering sustainable food systems. By addressing these issues, Africa can move towards a future where energy access and food security go hand in hand, leading to a more equitable and resilient continent.

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  • Cao, Lansheng & Nguea, Stéphane Mbiankeu, 2025. "Vulnerable energy, vulnerable food: Assessing the effects of energy vulnerability on food security in Africa," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:320:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225007479
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135105
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