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Energy intensity, economic growth and environmental quality in populous Middle East countries

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  • Shokoohi, Zeinab
  • Dehbidi, Navid Kargar
  • Tarazkar, Mohammad Hassan

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of energy intensity and economic growth on environmental quality in three populous countries in the Middle East region, including Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. For this purpose, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis was tested along with comparison of ecological footprint (EF) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission indicators during 1971–2015. According to stationary properties of the variables, the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach was used to study the existence of short- and long-run relationships. The empirical results provided the evidence supporting inverted U-shaped nexus for per capita income and environmental degradation by employing two environmental indicators in Turkey. In addition, the hypothesis was confirmed by employing EF index and was rejected by employing CO2 emissions in Iran and Iraq. Besides, the results showed that energy intensity is one of important sources of environmental degradation in all the studied countries and there was a significant positive relationship between energy intensity, CO2 emissions, and EF in all the studied countries.

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  • Shokoohi, Zeinab & Dehbidi, Navid Kargar & Tarazkar, Mohammad Hassan, 2022. "Energy intensity, economic growth and environmental quality in populous Middle East countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pc:s0360544221024129
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122164
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