IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ejores/v330y2026i2p355-372.html

Beyond fifty years of vehicle routing: Insights into the history and the future

Author

Listed:
  • Archetti, C.
  • Coelho, L.C.
  • Speranza, M.G.
  • Vansteenwegen, P.

Abstract

Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) are a large class of well-studied and computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems. In the classical capacitated VRP, a fleet of homogeneous capacitated vehicles, that start and end their route at a depot, must satisfy customers’ demand at minimum cost. Many variants and extensions of this problem have been studied. In this paper, after discussing the capacitated VRP, we review the literature for the most-studied variants and extensions of the VRP and then focus on the most recent developments and trends.

Suggested Citation

  • Archetti, C. & Coelho, L.C. & Speranza, M.G. & Vansteenwegen, P., 2026. "Beyond fifty years of vehicle routing: Insights into the history and the future," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 330(2), pages 355-372.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:330:y:2026:i:2:p:355-372
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2025.06.014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221725004862
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.06.014?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Harilaos N. Psaraftis, 1980. "A Dynamic Programming Solution to the Single Vehicle Many-to-Many Immediate Request Dial-a-Ride Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 14(2), pages 130-154, May.
    2. Nagy, Gabor & Salhi, Said, 2007. "Location-routing: Issues, models and methods," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 177(2), pages 649-672, March.
    3. G. Clarke & J. W. Wright, 1964. "Scheduling of Vehicles from a Central Depot to a Number of Delivery Points," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 12(4), pages 568-581, August.
    4. Archetti, Claudia & Feillet, Dominique & Speranza, M. Grazia, 2015. "Complexity of routing problems with release dates," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 247(3), pages 797-803.
    5. M. L. Balinski & R. E. Quandt, 1964. "On an Integer Program for a Delivery Problem," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 12(2), pages 300-304, April.
    6. Raeesi, Ramin & Zografos, Konstantinos G., 2019. "The multi-objective Steiner pollution-routing problem on congested urban road networks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 457-485.
    7. Delle Donne, Diego & Alfandari, Laurent & Archetti, Claudia & Ljubić, Ivana, 2023. "Freight-on-Transit for urban last-mile deliveries: A strategic planning approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 53-81.
    8. Amine Masmoudi, M. & Coelho, Leandro C. & Demir, Emrah, 2022. "Plug-in hybrid electric refuse vehicle routing problem for waste collection," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    9. Pillac, Victor & Gendreau, Michel & Guéret, Christelle & Medaglia, Andrés L., 2013. "A review of dynamic vehicle routing problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 225(1), pages 1-11.
    10. Michael Drexl, 2012. "Synchronization in Vehicle Routing---A Survey of VRPs with Multiple Synchronization Constraints," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 46(3), pages 297-316, August.
    11. Archetti, C. & Feillet, D. & Mor, A. & Speranza, M.G., 2020. "Dynamic traveling salesman problem with stochastic release dates," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 280(3), pages 832-844.
    12. Karen Smilowitz & Maciek Nowak & Tingting Jiang, 2013. "Workforce Management in Periodic Delivery Operations," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 47(2), pages 214-230, May.
    13. Manuel Iori & Silvano Martello, 2010. "Routing problems with loading constraints," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 18(1), pages 4-27, July.
    14. Roberto Baldacci & Aristide Mingozzi & Roberto Roberti, 2011. "New Route Relaxation and Pricing Strategies for the Vehicle Routing Problem," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 59(5), pages 1269-1283, October.
    15. Jan Christiaens & Greet Vanden Berghe, 2020. "Slack Induction by String Removals for Vehicle Routing Problems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(2), pages 417-433, March.
    16. Stefan Ropke & David Pisinger, 2006. "An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Heuristic for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 40(4), pages 455-472, November.
    17. G. B. Dantzig & J. H. Ramser, 1959. "The Truck Dispatching Problem," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 6(1), pages 80-91, October.
    18. Gianfranco Guastaroba & Andrea Mor & M. Grazia Speranza, 2022. "Integrated Vehicle Routing Problems: A Survey," Springer Books, in: Saïd Salhi & John Boylan (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Operations Research, chapter 0, pages 73-103, Springer.
    19. Trotta, Manuel & Archetti, Claudia & Feillet, Dominique & Quilliot, Alain, 2022. "Pickup and delivery problems with autonomous vehicles on rings," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(1), pages 221-236.
    20. Pedro Munari & Martin Savelsbergh, 2022. "Compact Formulations for Split Delivery Routing Problems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(4), pages 1022-1043, July.
    21. Yu, Shaohua & Puchinger, Jakob & Sun, Shudong, 2022. "Van-based robot hybrid pickup and delivery routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(3), pages 894-914.
    22. Van den Bergh, Jorne & Beliën, Jeroen & De Bruecker, Philippe & Demeulemeester, Erik & De Boeck, Liesje, 2013. "Personnel scheduling: A literature review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 226(3), pages 367-385.
    23. Dimitris Bertsimas & Melvyn Sim, 2004. "The Price of Robustness," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 52(1), pages 35-53, February.
    24. Pelletier, Samuel & Jabali, Ola & Laporte, Gilbert, 2019. "The electric vehicle routing problem with energy consumption uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 225-255.
    25. Lehuédé, Fabien & Péton, Olivier & Tricoire, Fabien, 2020. "A lexicographic minimax approach to the vehicle routing problem with route balancing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(1), pages 129-147.
    26. Clifford S. Orloff, 1976. "Route Constrained Fleet Scheduling," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 10(2), pages 149-168, May.
    27. Bortfeldt, Andreas & Yi, Junmin, 2020. "The Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with three-dimensional loading constraints," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(2), pages 545-558.
    28. Guy Desaulniers & Jørgen G. Rakke & Leandro C. Coelho, 2016. "A Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithm for the Inventory-Routing Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(3), pages 1060-1076, August.
    29. Timo Gschwind & Stefan Irnich, 2015. "Effective Handling of Dynamic Time Windows and Its Application to Solving the Dial-a-Ride Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 49(2), pages 335-354, May.
    30. Soares, Ricardo & Marques, Alexandra & Amorim, Pedro & Parragh, Sophie N., 2024. "Synchronisation in vehicle routing: Classification schema, modelling framework and literature review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 313(3), pages 817-840.
    31. Côté, J.F. & Guastaroba, G. & Speranza, M.G., 2017. "The value of integrating loading and routing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 257(1), pages 89-105.
    32. Stuart E. Dreyfus, 1969. "An Appraisal of Some Shortest-Path Algorithms," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 17(3), pages 395-412, June.
    33. Coelho, Leandro C. & Laporte, Gilbert, 2015. "Classification, models and exact algorithms for multi-compartment delivery problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 242(3), pages 854-864.
    34. Zhou, Lin & Baldacci, Roberto & Vigo, Daniele & Wang, Xu, 2018. "A Multi-Depot Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Delivery Options Arising in the Last Mile Distribution," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 265(2), pages 765-778.
    35. Mancini, Simona & Gansterer, Margaretha & Hartl, Richard F., 2021. "The collaborative consistent vehicle routing problem with workload balance," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 293(3), pages 955-965.
    36. Gerardo Berbeglia & Jean-François Cordeau & Irina Gribkovskaia & Gilbert Laporte, 2007. "Rejoinder on: Static pickup and delivery problems: a classification scheme and survey," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 15(1), pages 45-47, July.
    37. Liu, Yiming & Roberto, Baldacci & Zhou, Jianwen & Yu, Yang & Zhang, Yu & Sun, Wei, 2023. "Efficient feasibility checks and an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for the time-dependent green vehicle routing problem with time windows," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(1), pages 133-155.
    38. Drexl, Michael & Schneider, Michael, 2015. "A survey of variants and extensions of the location-routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 241(2), pages 283-308.
    39. Ulrike Ritzinger & Jakob Puchinger & Richard F. Hartl, 2016. "A survey on dynamic and stochastic vehicle routing problems," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(1), pages 215-231, January.
    40. Bektas, Tolga & Laporte, Gilbert, 2011. "The Pollution-Routing Problem," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 45(8), pages 1232-1250, September.
    41. Martin Desrochers & Jacques Desrosiers & Marius Solomon, 1992. "A New Optimization Algorithm for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 40(2), pages 342-354, April.
    42. Salhi, Said & Rand, Graham K., 1989. "The effect of ignoring routes when locating depots," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 150-156, March.
    43. Park, Junhyuk & Kim, Byung-In, 2010. "The school bus routing problem: A review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 202(2), pages 311-319, April.
    44. Chrysanthos E. Gounaris & Wolfram Wiesemann & Christodoulos A. Floudas, 2013. "The Robust Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Under Demand Uncertainty," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 61(3), pages 677-693, June.
    45. Gu, Wenjuan & Archetti, Claudia & Cattaruzza, Diego & Ogier, Maxime & Semet, Frédéric & Speranza, M. Grazia, 2024. "Vehicle routing problems with multiple commodities: A survey," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 317(1), pages 1-15.
    46. Manuel Iori & Silvano Martello, 2010. "Rejoinder on: Routing problems with loading constraints," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 18(1), pages 41-42, July.
    47. Stacy A. Voccia & Ann Melissa Campbell & Barrett W. Thomas, 2019. "The Same-Day Delivery Problem for Online Purchases," Service Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(1), pages 167-184, February.
    48. Ruiz, Ruben & Maroto, Concepcion & Alcaraz, Javier, 2004. "A decision support system for a real vehicle routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 153(3), pages 593-606, March.
    49. Claudia Archetti & Martin W. P. Savelsbergh & M. Grazia Speranza, 2006. "Worst-Case Analysis for Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 40(2), pages 226-234, May.
    50. P. Matl & R. F. Hartl & T. Vidal, 2018. "Workload Equity in Vehicle Routing Problems: A Survey and Analysis," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(2), pages 239-260, March.
    51. Pengfei He & Jin-Kao Hao, 2023. "General Edge Assembly Crossover-Driven Memetic Search for Split Delivery Vehicle Routing," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(2), pages 482-511, March.
    52. Leonard W. Schruben & Ruth E. Clifton, 1968. "The Lockset Method of Sequential Programming Applied to Routing Delivery and Pickup Trucks," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 50(4), pages 854-867.
    53. Jorge Oyola & Halvard Arntzen & David L. Woodruff, 2017. "The stochastic vehicle routing problem, a literature review, Part II: solution methods," EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics, Springer;EURO - The Association of European Operational Research Societies, vol. 6(4), pages 349-388, December.
    54. Mirela Stojković & François Soumis & Jacques Desrosiers, 1998. "The Operational Airline Crew Scheduling Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 32(3), pages 232-245, August.
    55. Diego Cattaruzza & Nabil Absi & Dominique Feillet, 2016. "Vehicle routing problems with multiple trips," 4OR, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 223-259, September.
    56. Alnaggar, Aliaa & Gzara, Fatma & Bookbinder, James H., 2021. "Crowdsourced delivery: A review of platforms and academic literature," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    57. Renaud, Jacques & Boctor, Fayez F., 2002. "A sweep-based algorithm for the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 140(3), pages 618-628, August.
    58. Thibaut Vidal & Nelson Maculan & Luiz Satoru Ochi & Puca Huachi Vaz Penna, 2016. "Large Neighborhoods with Implicit Customer Selection for Vehicle Routing Problems with Profits," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(2), pages 720-734, May.
    59. Isaac Balster & Teobaldo Bulhões & Pedro Munari & Artur Alves Pessoa & Ruslan Sadykov, 2023. "A New Family of Route Formulations for Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(5), pages 1359-1378, September.
    60. Luis Gouveia & Markus Leitner & Mario Ruthmair, 2023. "Multi-Depot Routing with Split Deliveries: Models and a Branch-and-Cut Algorithm," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(2), pages 512-530, March.
    61. Rodríguez-Martín, Inmaculada & Salazar-González, Juan-José & Yaman, Hande, 2019. "The periodic vehicle routing problem with driver consistency," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 273(2), pages 575-584.
    62. Seyed Mostafa Mirhedayatian & Teodor Gabriel Crainic & Mario Guajardo & Stein W. Wallace, 2021. "A two-echelon location-routing problem with synchronisation," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 72(1), pages 145-160, January.
    63. Teodor Gabriel Crainic & Nicoletta Ricciardi & Giovanni Storchi, 2009. "Models for Evaluating and Planning City Logistics Systems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 43(4), pages 432-454, November.
    64. Lawrence D. Bodin & Lon Berman, 1979. "Routing and Scheduling of School Buses by Computer," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 13(2), pages 113-129, May.
    65. Diego Cattaruzza & Nabil Absi & Dominique Feillet, 2016. "The Multi-Trip Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Release Dates," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(2), pages 676-693, May.
    66. Nils Boysen & Stefan Fedtke & Stefan Schwerdfeger, 2021. "Last-mile delivery concepts: a survey from an operational research perspective," OR Spectrum: Quantitative Approaches in Management, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research e.V., vol. 43(1), pages 1-58, March.
    67. G Ioannou & M Kritikos & G Prastacos, 2001. "A greedy look-ahead heuristic for the vehicle routing problem with time windows," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 52(5), pages 523-537, May.
    68. Gilbert Laporte & Yves Nobert & Serge Taillefer, 1988. "Solving a Family of Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing and Location-Routing Problems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 22(3), pages 161-172, August.
    69. Hiba Yahyaoui & Islem Kaabachi & Saoussen Krichen & Abdulkader Dekdouk, 2020. "Two metaheuristic approaches for solving the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 2085-2108, December.
    70. Di Puglia Pugliese, Luigi & Ferone, Daniele & Macrina, Giusy & Festa, Paola & Guerriero, Francesca, 2023. "The crowd-shipping with penalty cost function and uncertain travel times," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    71. Prodhon, Caroline & Prins, Christian, 2014. "A survey of recent research on location-routing problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 238(1), pages 1-17.
    72. Michael Schneider & Andreas Stenger & Dominik Goeke, 2014. "The Electric Vehicle-Routing Problem with Time Windows and Recharging Stations," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(4), pages 500-520, November.
    73. Anirudh Subramanyam & Panagiotis P. Repoussis & Chrysanthos E. Gounaris, 2020. "Robust Optimization of a Broad Class of Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problems Under Demand Uncertainty," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 32(3), pages 661-681, July.
    74. Abood Mourad & Jakob Puchinger & Tom Van Woensel, 2021. "Integrating autonomous delivery service into a passenger transportation system," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(7), pages 2116-2139, April.
    75. Luciano Costa & Claudio Contardo & Guy Desaulniers, 2019. "Exact Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithms for Vehicle Routing," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(4), pages 946-985, July.
    76. Roel G. van Anholt & Leandro C. Coelho & Gilbert Laporte & Iris F. A. Vis, 2016. "An Inventory-Routing Problem with Pickups and Deliveries Arising in the Replenishment of Automated Teller Machines," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(3), pages 1077-1091, August.
    77. Dominique Feillet & Pierre Dejax & Michel Gendreau, 2005. "Traveling Salesman Problems with Profits," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(2), pages 188-205, May.
    78. J. Arturo Castillo-Salazar & Dario Landa-Silva & Rong Qu, 2016. "Workforce scheduling and routing problems: literature survey and computational study," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 239(1), pages 39-67, April.
    79. Gunawan, Aldy & Lau, Hoong Chuin & Vansteenwegen, Pieter, 2016. "Orienteering Problem: A survey of recent variants, solution approaches and applications," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 255(2), pages 315-332.
    80. Said Dabia & Stefan Ropke & Tom van Woensel & Ton De Kok, 2013. "Branch and Price for the Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 47(3), pages 380-396, August.
    81. Corberán, Ángel & Plana, Isaac & Reula, Miguel & Sanchis, José M., 2021. "On the Distance-Constrained Close Enough Arc Routing Problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 291(1), pages 32-51.
    82. Liu, Shuguang, 2013. "A hybrid population heuristic for the heterogeneous vehicle routing problems," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 67-78.
    83. Jacobsen, S. K. & Madsen, O. B. G., 1980. "A comparative study of heuristics for a two-level routing-location problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 5(6), pages 378-387, December.
    84. Horner, Hannah & Pazour, Jennifer & Mitchell, John E., 2021. "Optimizing driver menus under stochastic selection behavior for ridesharing and crowdsourced delivery," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    85. Albareda-Sambola, Maria & Fernandez, Elena & Laporte, Gilbert, 2007. "Heuristic and lower bound for a stochastic location-routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 179(3), pages 940-955, June.
    86. Niklas Kohl & Jacques Desrosiers & Oli B. G. Madsen & Marius M. Solomon & François Soumis, 1999. "2-Path Cuts for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 33(1), pages 101-116, February.
    87. Di Placido, Andrea & Archetti, Claudia & Cerrone, Carmine & Golden, Bruce, 2023. "The generalized close enough traveling salesman problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(3), pages 974-991.
    88. R. Baldacci & E. Hadjiconstantinou & A. Mingozzi, 2004. "An Exact Algorithm for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Based on a Two-Commodity Network Flow Formulation," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 52(5), pages 723-738, October.
    89. Heimfarth, Andreas & Ostermeier, Manuel & Hübner, Alexander, 2022. "A mixed truck and robot delivery approach for the daily supply of customers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 303(1), pages 401-421.
    90. Berghman, Lotte & Kergosien, Yannick & Billaut, Jean-Charles, 2023. "A review on integrated scheduling and outbound vehicle routing problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 311(1), pages 1-23.
    91. Chryssi Malandraki & Mark S. Daskin, 1992. "Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problems: Formulations, Properties and Heuristic Algorithms," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 26(3), pages 185-200, August.
    92. Moshe Dror & Pierre Trudeau, 1989. "Savings by Split Delivery Routing," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 23(2), pages 141-145, May.
    93. Li, Hongqi & Chen, Jun & Wang, Feilong & Bai, Ming, 2021. "Ground-vehicle and unmanned-aerial-vehicle routing problems from two-echelon scheme perspective: A review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 294(3), pages 1078-1095.
    94. Glock, Katharina & Meyer, Anne, 2023. "Spatial coverage in routing and path planning problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(1), pages 1-20.
    95. Marlin W. Ulmer, 2020. "Dynamic Pricing and Routing for Same-Day Delivery," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(4), pages 1016-1033, July.
    96. Michiel A. J. uit het Broek & Albert H. Schrotenboer & Bolor Jargalsaikhan & Kees Jan Roodbergen & Leandro C. Coelho, 2021. "Asymmetric Multidepot Vehicle Routing Problems: Valid Inequalities and a Branch-and-Cut Algorithm," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 69(2), pages 380-409, March.
    97. Erdoğan, Sevgi & Miller-Hooks, Elise, 2012. "A Green Vehicle Routing Problem," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 100-114.
    98. Rahma Lahyani & Leandro C. Coelho & Jacques Renaud, 2018. "Alternative formulations and improved bounds for the multi-depot fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem," OR Spectrum: Quantitative Approaches in Management, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research e.V., vol. 40(1), pages 125-157, January.
    99. Pedro Munari & Alfredo Moreno & Jonathan De La Vega & Douglas Alem & Jacek Gondzio & Reinaldo Morabito, 2019. "The Robust Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: Compact Formulation and Branch-Price-and-Cut Method," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(4), pages 1043-1066, July.
    100. Themistoklis Stamadianos & Nikolaos A. Kyriakakis & Magdalene Marinaki & Yannis Marinakis, 2023. "Routing Problems with Electric and Autonomous Vehicles: Review and Potential for Future Research," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 1-34, June.
    101. Asghari, Mohammad & Mirzapour Al-e-hashem, S. Mohammad J., 2021. "Green vehicle routing problem: A state-of-the-art review," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    102. Gerardo Berbeglia & Jean-François Cordeau & Irina Gribkovskaia & Gilbert Laporte, 2007. "Static pickup and delivery problems: a classification scheme and survey," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 15(1), pages 1-31, July.
    103. Maximilian Schiffer & Michael Schneider & Grit Walther & Gilbert Laporte, 2019. "Vehicle Routing and Location Routing with Intermediate Stops: A Review," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(2), pages 319-343, March.
    104. Gansterer, Margaretha & Hartl, Richard F., 2018. "Collaborative vehicle routing: A survey," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 268(1), pages 1-12.
    105. Skålnes, Jørgen & Ben Ahmed, Mohamed & Hvattum, Lars Magnus & Stålhane, Magnus, 2024. "New benchmark instances for the inventory routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 313(3), pages 992-1014.
    106. Sluijk, Natasja & Florio, Alexandre M. & Kinable, Joris & Dellaert, Nico & Van Woensel, Tom, 2023. "Two-echelon vehicle routing problems: A literature review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 304(3), pages 865-886.
    107. A. Mor & M. G. Speranza, 2022. "Vehicle routing problems over time: a survey," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 314(1), pages 255-275, July.
    108. Bianchessi, Nicola & Corberán, Ángel & Plana, Isaac & Reula, Miguel & Sanchis, José M., 2022. "The min-max close-enough arc routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(3), pages 837-851.
    109. Vansteenwegen, Pieter & Souffriau, Wouter & Oudheusden, Dirk Van, 2011. "The orienteering problem: A survey," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 209(1), pages 1-10, February.
    110. Claudia Archetti & Luca Bertazzi & Alain Hertz & M. Grazia Speranza, 2012. "A Hybrid Heuristic for an Inventory Routing Problem," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 24(1), pages 101-116, February.
    111. Guy Desaulniers & Jacques Desrosiers & Yvan Dumas & Marius M. Solomon & François Soumis, 1997. "Daily Aircraft Routing and Scheduling," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 43(6), pages 841-855, June.
    112. Klapp, Mathias A. & Erera, Alan L. & Toriello, Alejandro, 2020. "Request acceptance in same-day delivery," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    113. Archetti, Claudia & Savelsbergh, Martin & Speranza, M. Grazia, 2016. "The Vehicle Routing Problem with Occasional Drivers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 254(2), pages 472-480.
    114. Diego Pecin & Claudio Contardo & Guy Desaulniers & Eduardo Uchoa, 2017. "New Enhancements for the Exact Solution of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 29(3), pages 489-502, August.
    115. Chandra, Pankaj & Fisher, Marshall L., 1994. "Coordination of production and distribution planning," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 72(3), pages 503-517, February.
    116. Mancini, Simona & Gansterer, Margaretha, 2022. "Bundle generation for last-mile delivery with occasional drivers," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    117. Mohammad Asghari & Seyed Mohammad Javad Mirzapour Al-E-Hashem, 2021. "Green vehicle routing problem: A state-of-the-art review," Post-Print hal-03182944, HAL.
    118. Subramanian, Anand & Penna, Puca Huachi Vaz & Uchoa, Eduardo & Ochi, Luiz Satoru, 2012. "A hybrid algorithm for the Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 221(2), pages 285-295.
    119. Jorge Oyola & Halvard Arntzen & David L. Woodruff, 2018. "The stochastic vehicle routing problem, a literature review, part I: models," EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics, Springer;EURO - The Association of European Operational Research Societies, vol. 7(3), pages 193-221, September.
    120. Huang, Yixiao & Zhao, Lei & Van Woensel, Tom & Gross, Jean-Philippe, 2017. "Time-dependent vehicle routing problem with path flexibility," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 169-195.
    121. Boysen, Nils & Emde, Simon & Schwerdfeger, Stefan, 2022. "Crowdshipping by employees of distribution centers: Optimization approaches for matching supply and demand," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 296(2), pages 539-556.
    122. Rosemonde Ausseil & Jennifer A. Pazour & Marlin W. Ulmer, 2022. "Supplier Menus for Dynamic Matching in Peer-to-Peer Transportation Platforms," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(5), pages 1304-1326, September.
    123. Darvish, Maryam & Archetti, Claudia & Coelho, Leandro C. & Speranza, M. Grazia, 2019. "Flexible two-echelon location routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 277(3), pages 1124-1136.
    124. Richard Hartl & Geir Hasle & Gerrit Janssens, 2006. "Special issue on Rich Vehicle Routing Problems," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 14(2), pages 103-104, June.
    125. Chris Groër & Bruce Golden & Edward Wasil, 2009. "The Consistent Vehicle Routing Problem," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 11(4), pages 630-643, February.
    126. Dan O. Bausch & Gerald G. Brown & David Ronen, 1998. "Scheduling short-term marine transport of bulk products," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 335-348, October.
    127. Ge, Qian & Han, Ke & Liu, Xiaobo, 2021. "Matching and routing for shared autonomous vehicles in congestible network," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    128. Guido Perboli & Roberto Tadei & Daniele Vigo, 2011. "The Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem: Models and Math-Based Heuristics," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 45(3), pages 364-380, August.
    129. Schneider, M. & Stenger, A. & Goeke, D., 2014. "The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Recharging Stations," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 62382, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    130. Lawrence D. Bodin, 1990. "Twenty Years of Routing and Scheduling," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 38(4), pages 571-579, August.
    131. Munjeong Kang & Chungmok Lee, 2021. "An Exact Algorithm for Heterogeneous Drone-Truck Routing Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(5), pages 1088-1112, September.
    132. Guastaroba, G. & Côté, J.-F. & Coelho, L.C., 2021. "The Multi-Period Workforce Scheduling and Routing Problem," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    133. Walter J. Bell & Louis M. Dalberto & Marshall L. Fisher & Arnold J. Greenfield & R. Jaikumar & Pradeep Kedia & Robert G. Mack & Paul J. Prutzman, 1983. "Improving the Distribution of Industrial Gases with an On-Line Computerized Routing and Scheduling Optimizer," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 13(6), pages 4-23, December.
    134. Ostermeier, Manuel & Henke, Tino & Hübner, Alexander & Wäscher, Gerhard, 2021. "Multi-compartment vehicle routing problems: State-of-the-art, modeling framework and future directions," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 292(3), pages 799-817.
    135. Cleder Marcos Schenekemberg & Thiago André Guimarães & Antonio Augusto Chaves & Leandro C. Coelho, 2024. "A Three-Front Parallel Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for Production and Inventory Routing Problems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(4), pages 687-707, July.
    136. Hrabec, Dušan & Hvattum, Lars Magnus & Hoff, Arild, 2022. "The value of integrated planning for production, inventory, and routing decisions: A systematic review and meta-analysis," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    137. Klein, Vienna & Steinhardt, Claudius, 2023. "Dynamic demand management and online tour planning for same-day delivery," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 307(2), pages 860-886.
    138. Alfandari, Laurent & Ljubić, Ivana & De Melo da Silva, Marcos, 2022. "A tailored Benders decomposition approach for last-mile delivery with autonomous robots," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 299(2), pages 510-525.
    139. Martin Savelsbergh & Tom Van Woensel, 2016. "50th Anniversary Invited Article—City Logistics: Challenges and Opportunities," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(2), pages 579-590, May.
    140. Dursunoglu, Cagla F. & Arslan, Okan & Demir, Sebnem Manolya & Kara, Bahar Y. & Laporte, Gilbert, 2025. "A unifying framework for selective routing problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 320(1), pages 1-19.
    141. Yiming Liu & Yang Yu & Yu Zhang & Roberto Baldacci & Jiafu Tang & Xinggang Luo & Wei Sun, 2023. "Branch-Cut-and-Price for the Time-Dependent Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 35(1), pages 14-30, January.
    142. Sung, Kiseok & Bell, Michael G. H. & Seong, Myeongki & Park, Soondal, 2000. "Shortest paths in a network with time-dependent flow speeds," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 121(1), pages 32-39, February.
    143. Muyldermans, L. & Pang, G., 2010. "On the benefits of co-collection: Experiments with a multi-compartment vehicle routing algorithm," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 206(1), pages 93-103, October.
    144. Uchoa, Eduardo & Pecin, Diego & Pessoa, Artur & Poggi, Marcus & Vidal, Thibaut & Subramanian, Anand, 2017. "New benchmark instances for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 257(3), pages 845-858.
    145. Gerald G. Brown & Glenn W. Graves, 1981. "Real-Time Dispatch of Petroleum Tank Trucks," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 27(1), pages 19-32, January.
    146. Kai Wang & Lu Zhen & Jun Xia & Roberto Baldacci & Shuaian Wang, 2022. "Routing Optimization with Generalized Consistency Requirements," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(1), pages 223-244, January.
    147. Ichoua, Soumia & Gendreau, Michel & Potvin, Jean-Yves, 2003. "Vehicle dispatching with time-dependent travel times," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 144(2), pages 379-396, January.
    148. Leandro C. Coelho & Jean-François Cordeau & Gilbert Laporte, 2014. "Thirty Years of Inventory Routing," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(1), pages 1-19, February.
    149. Marius M. Solomon, 1987. "Algorithms for the Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems with Time Window Constraints," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 35(2), pages 254-265, April.
    150. Christian Tilk & Katharina Olkis & Stefan Irnich, 2021. "The last-mile vehicle routing problem with delivery options," OR Spectrum: Quantitative Approaches in Management, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research e.V., vol. 43(4), pages 877-904, December.
    151. Qiu, Rui & Xu, Jiuping & Ke, Ruimin & Zeng, Ziqiang & Wang, Yinhai, 2020. "Carbon pricing initiatives-based bi-level pollution routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 286(1), pages 203-217.
    152. Koç, Çağrı & Bektaş, Tolga & Jabali, Ola & Laporte, Gilbert, 2016. "Thirty years of heterogeneous vehicle routing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 249(1), pages 1-21.
    153. Claudia Archetti & Luca Bertazzi & Gilbert Laporte & Maria Grazia Speranza, 2007. "A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for a Vendor-Managed Inventory-Routing Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 41(3), pages 382-391, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vidal, Thibaut & Laporte, Gilbert & Matl, Piotr, 2020. "A concise guide to existing and emerging vehicle routing problem variants," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 286(2), pages 401-416.
    2. Lahyani, Rahma & Khemakhem, Mahdi & Semet, Frédéric, 2015. "Rich vehicle routing problems: From a taxonomy to a definition," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 241(1), pages 1-14.
    3. Vidal, Thibaut & Crainic, Teodor Gabriel & Gendreau, Michel & Prins, Christian, 2013. "Heuristics for multi-attribute vehicle routing problems: A survey and synthesis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 231(1), pages 1-21.
    4. Qiuping Ni & Yuanxiang Tang, 2023. "A Bibliometric Visualized Analysis and Classification of Vehicle Routing Problem Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-37, April.
    5. Liu, Yiming & Yu, Yang & Baldacci, Roberto & Tang, Jiafu & Sun, Wei, 2025. "Optimizing carbon emissions in green logistics for time-dependent routing," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    6. Luciano Costa & Claudio Contardo & Guy Desaulniers, 2019. "Exact Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithms for Vehicle Routing," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(4), pages 946-985, July.
    7. Wang, Sihan & Sun, Wei & Baldacci, Roberto & Elomri, Adel, 2025. "Exact solution of location–routing problems with heterogeneous fleet and weight-based carbon emissions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    8. Zhenzhen Zhang & Yu Zhang & Roberto Baldacci, 2024. "Generalized Riskiness Index in Vehicle Routing Under Uncertain Travel Times: Formulations, Properties, and Exact Solution Framework," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(4), pages 761-780, July.
    9. Zhang, Jian & Woensel, Tom Van, 2023. "Dynamic vehicle routing with random requests: A literature review," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    10. Liu, Yiming & Roberto, Baldacci & Zhou, Jianwen & Yu, Yang & Zhang, Yu & Sun, Wei, 2023. "Efficient feasibility checks and an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for the time-dependent green vehicle routing problem with time windows," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(1), pages 133-155.
    11. Archetti, Claudia & Christiansen, Marielle & Grazia Speranza, M., 2018. "Inventory routing with pickups and deliveries," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 268(1), pages 314-324.
    12. Gu, Wenjuan & Archetti, Claudia & Cattaruzza, Diego & Ogier, Maxime & Semet, Frédéric & Speranza, M. Grazia, 2024. "Vehicle routing problems with multiple commodities: A survey," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 317(1), pages 1-15.
    13. Jean-François Cordeau & Manuel Iori & Dario Vezzali, 2024. "An updated survey of attended home delivery and service problems with a focus on applications," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 343(2), pages 885-922, December.
    14. Belma Turan & Vera Hemmelmayr & Allan Larsen & Jakob Puchinger, 2024. "Transition towards sustainable mobility: the role of transport optimization," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 32(2), pages 435-456, June.
    15. Sluijk, Natasja & Florio, Alexandre M. & Kinable, Joris & Dellaert, Nico & Van Woensel, Tom, 2023. "Two-echelon vehicle routing problems: A literature review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 304(3), pages 865-886.
    16. Jie, Wanchen & Yang, Jun & Zhang, Min & Huang, Yongxi, 2019. "The two-echelon capacitated electric vehicle routing problem with battery swapping stations: Formulation and efficient methodology," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 272(3), pages 879-904.
    17. Malladi, Satya S. & Christensen, Jonas M. & Ramírez, David & Larsen, Allan & Pacino, Dario, 2022. "Stochastic fleet mix optimization: Evaluating electromobility in urban logistics," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    18. Zhu, Stuart X. & Ursavas, Evrim, 2018. "Design and analysis of a satellite network with direct delivery in the pharmaceutical industry," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 190-207.
    19. Raeesi, Ramin & Zografos, Konstantinos G., 2020. "The electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and synchronised mobile battery swapping," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 101-129.
    20. Drexl, Michael & Schneider, Michael, 2015. "A survey of variants and extensions of the location-routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 241(2), pages 283-308.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:330:y:2026:i:2:p:355-372. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eor .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.