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The electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and synchronised mobile battery swapping

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  • Raeesi, Ramin
  • Zografos, Konstantinos G.

Abstract

This paper introduces an alternative to intra-route recharging of Electric Commercial Vehicles (ECVs) used for freight distribution by exploiting new pertinent technological developments that make mobile battery swapping possible. The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Synchronised Mobile Battery Swapping (EVRPTW-SMBS) is introduced in which route planning is carried out in two interdependent levels: (i) for the ECVs to deliver customers’ demands, and (ii) for the Battery Swapping Vans (BSVs) to swap the depleted battery on an ECV with a fully charged one at a designated time and space. Each BSV route can provide the battery swapping service to multiple ECVs, and each ECV can extend its autonomy by requesting the battery swapping service for as many times as required with no need to divert from its original delivery route. The EVRPTW-SMBS opens up multiple opportunities to facilitate eco-friendly goods distribution using ECVs and brings in extra flexibility and cost savings. At the same time, it is a challenging problem to tackle mainly due to the interdependence problem that stems from the spatio-temporal synchronisation requirement between the vehicles in the two levels (i.e. ECVs and BSVs). To tackle these complications, the paper proposes a methodology for exact evaluation of an EVRPTW-SMBS solution based on a two-stage hybridisation of a dynamic programming and an integer programming algorithm, and places the resulting procedure at the heart of an intensified large neighbourhood search algorithm to solve instances of the EVRPTW-SMBS efficiently. A library of EVRPTW-SMBS test instances is developed and used to demonstrate the added value of the proposed problem variant and the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Our results demonstrate the benefits of using BSVs in the design of the delivery routes for ECVs, and indicate that a particular variant of the proposed algorithms which is based on a specific lexicographical decomposition routine can efficiently approximate the optimal solution to the EVRPTW-SMBS.

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  • Raeesi, Ramin & Zografos, Konstantinos G., 2020. "The electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and synchronised mobile battery swapping," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 101-129.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:140:y:2020:i:c:p:101-129
    DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2020.06.012
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    4. Lixing Wang & Zhenning Wu & Changyong Cao, 2021. "Integrated Optimization of Routing and Energy Management for Electric Vehicles in Delivery Scheduling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-17, March.
    5. Leandro do C. Martins & Rafael D. Tordecilla & Juliana Castaneda & Angel A. Juan & Javier Faulin, 2021. "Electric Vehicle Routing, Arc Routing, and Team Orienteering Problems in Sustainable Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-30, August.
    6. Liu, Haoxiang & Zou, Yuncheng & Chen, Ya & Long, Jiancheng, 2021. "Optimal locations and electricity prices for dynamic wireless charging links of electric vehicles for sustainable transportation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    7. Erfan Ghorbani & Mahdi Alinaghian & Gevork. B. Gharehpetian & Sajad Mohammadi & Guido Perboli, 2020. "A Survey on Environmentally Friendly Vehicle Routing Problem and a Proposal of Its Classification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-71, October.
    8. Themistoklis Stamadianos & Nikolaos A. Kyriakakis & Magdalene Marinaki & Yannis Marinakis, 2023. "Routing Problems with Electric and Autonomous Vehicles: Review and Potential for Future Research," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 1-34, June.
    9. Tomáš Settey & Jozef Gnap & Dominika Beňová & Michal Pavličko & Oľga Blažeková, 2021. "The Growth of E-Commerce Due to COVID-19 and the Need for Urban Logistics Centers Using Electric Vehicles: Bratislava Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, May.
    10. Wang, Shuaian & Yan, Ran, 2023. "Fundamental challenge and solution methods in prescriptive analytics for freight transportation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    11. Huibing Cheng & Shanshui Zheng, 2022. "Incentive Compensation Mechanism for the Infrastructure Construction of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Station under Asymmetric Information," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.
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