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Die Kehrseite der Globalisierung: Anmerkungen zu Gewinnern und Verlierern des weltwirtschaftlichen Wandels aus Anlass von Richard Baldwins Buch „The Great Convergence“

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  • Paqué Karl-Heinz

    (Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgLehrstuhl für VolkswirtschaftslehreMagdeburgGermany)

Abstract

Dieser Beitrag ist den Thesen im jüngsten Buch von Richard Baldwin „The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization“ gewidmet. Baldwin liefert eine neue Interpretation der Globalisierung seit den frühen neunziger Jahren. Er sieht um diese Zeit einen revolutionären Bruch in der Entwicklung, bedingt vor allem durch den Aufstieg der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT). Diese erlauben erstmals die Kombination von Hochtechnologien, die aus den hochindustrialisierten Ländern (dem „Norden“) stammen, mit den relativ billigen Arbeitskräften, die in Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern (dem „Süden“) zu Hause sind. Es kommt zu einem massiven Technologietransfer von Nord nach Süd, bedingt vor allem durch Direktinvestitionen. Dies sorgt für Gewinner im Süden und Verlierer im Norden – mit weitreichenden Konsequenzen, die im Norden eine offensive Strategie der Anpassung verlangen: Orientierung auf Dienstleistungen und urbane Ballungen, die das Abwandern von Wissen erschweren. Karl-Heinz Paqué bezweifelt nicht die Existenz von Gewinnern der Globalisierung im Süden und Verlierern im Norden, wohl aber die überragende Bedeutung, die Baldwin dem Technologietransfer als Ursache beimisst. Er betrachtet die Entwicklung vielmehr als natürlichen Aufholprozess, in dem sich der Süden – unilateral – dem Weltmarkt öffnet, in Bildung investiert und eine innovationsorientierte Industrie- und Technologiepolitik betreibt. Er sieht gleichzeitig eine ausgeprägte Differenzierung der Wirkung auf den Norden: Staaten, die eine starke innovative Industrie bewahrt haben und die Anpassung bildungs- und technologiepolitisch begleiten, schneiden besser ab als jene, die sich allein auf Dienstleistungen konzentrieren. Erstere sind typischerweise auch Länder mit etablierten Institutionen der Weitergabe von technischem Wissen zwischen Generationen. Bisher gelingt es ihnen, eine übermäßige Spaltung der Gesellschaft als Folge der Globalisierung zu vermeiden. Wirtschaftshistorisch interpretiert er diese Entwicklungen keineswegs als revolutionären Bruch, sondern als evolutionäre Vollendung des Industriezeitalters.

Suggested Citation

  • Paqué Karl-Heinz, 2017. "Die Kehrseite der Globalisierung: Anmerkungen zu Gewinnern und Verlierern des weltwirtschaftlichen Wandels aus Anlass von Richard Baldwins Buch „The Great Convergence“," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 18(3), pages 286-303, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:bpj:pewipo:v:18:y:2017:i:3:p:286-303:n:3
    DOI: 10.1515/pwp-2017-0017
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert J. Gordon, 2016. "The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 1, number 10544.
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    JEL classification:

    • F6 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • N1 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations
    • N3 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy
    • N7 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

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