IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/sajeco/v90y2022i1p93-120.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A computable general equilibrium model as a banking sector regulatory tool in South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Frederik J.C. Beyers
  • Allan De Freitas
  • Kojo A. Essel‐Mensah
  • Reyno Seymore
  • Dimitrios P. Tsomocos

Abstract

A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used as a regulatory tool for the banking sector in South Africa. The model is used to determine the effects of regulatory penalties, capital adequacy requirements (CAR) and the monetary policy on the economy. Our results indicate that there is a trade‐off between the default and the CAR regulation. For example, when reducing the default penalty, the banks' profits increase, whereas reducing the CAR violation penalty, banks' profits decrease. Changes to the default penalty have a stronger impact than changes in the CAR violation penalty (i.e. when both penalties are reduced, the banks' profits increase). Moreover, regulatory policies that are targeted at different banks produce asymmetric results, as well capitalised banks with richer portfolios swiftly readjust their balance sheet and transfer the default externality to the more constrained banks and/or the private sector agents.

Suggested Citation

  • Frederik J.C. Beyers & Allan De Freitas & Kojo A. Essel‐Mensah & Reyno Seymore & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2022. "A computable general equilibrium model as a banking sector regulatory tool in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 90(1), pages 93-120, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:sajeco:v:90:y:2022:i:1:p:93-120
    DOI: 10.1111/saje.12304
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12304
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/saje.12304?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fabio Rumler, 1999. "Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, Numerical Simulations in a 2-Country Monetary General Equilibrium Model," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp065, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
    2. Juan Francisco Martínez S. & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2019. "Liquidity and default in an exchange economy," Chapters, in: Financial Regulation and Stability, chapter 7, pages 201-223, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Benjamin Tabak & Daniel Cajueiro & Dimas Fazio, 2013. "Financial fragility in a general equilibrium model: the Brazilian case," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 9(3), pages 519-541, August.
    4. Dimitrios Tsomocos, 2003. "Equilibrium analysis, banking, contagion and financial fragility," FMG Discussion Papers dp450, Financial Markets Group.
    5. Konstantin Makrelov & Rob Davies & Laurence Harris, 2021. "The impact of capital flow reversal shocks in South Africa: a stock- and-flow-consistent analysis," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(3-4), pages 475-501, July.
    6. Charles Goodhart & Pojanart Sunirand & Dimitrios Tsomocos, 2006. "A model to analyse financial fragility," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 27(1), pages 107-142, January.
    7. Kashyap, Anil K. & Stein, Jeremy C., 1995. "The impact of monetary policy on bank balance sheets," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 151-195, June.
    8. Charles A.E. Goodhart & Pojanart Sunirand & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2005. "A risk assessment model for banks," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 197-224, September.
    9. Gregory deWalque & Olivier Pierrard & Abdelaziz Rouabah, 2010. "Financial (In)Stability, Supervision and Liquidity Injections: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Approach," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 120(549), pages 1234-1261, December.
    10. Adam, C.S. & Bevan, D.L., 1998. "Costs and Benefits of Incorporating Asset Markets into CGE Models: Evidence and Design Issues," Economics Series Working Papers 99202, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    11. Charles Goodhart & Pojanart Sunirand & Dimitrios Tsomocos, 2006. "A Time Series Analysis of Financial Fragility in the UK Banking System," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-21, January.
    12. Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 2002. "Funding growth in bank-based and market-based financial systems: evidence from firm-level data," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 337-363, September.
    13. Bernanke, Ben S & Blinder, Alan S, 1988. "Credit, Money, and Aggregate Demand," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 78(2), pages 435-439, May.
    14. Dimitrios P. Tsomocos & Lea Zicchino, 2012. "On Modelling Endogenous Default," Chapters, in: The Challenge of Financial Stability, chapter 6, pages 134-152, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    15. Goodhart, Charles A. E. & Sunirand, Pojanart & Tsomocos, Dimitrios P., 2004. "A model to analyse financial fragility: applications," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 1-30, September.
    16. Vasco Cúrdia & Michael Woodford, 2010. "Credit Spreads and Monetary Policy," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(s1), pages 3-35, September.
    17. Gary Gorton & Andrew Winton, 2017. "Liquidity Provision, Bank Capital, and the Macroeconomy," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(1), pages 5-37, February.
    18. Barth, James R. & Caprio, Gerard Jr. & Levine, Ross, 2004. "Bank regulation and supervision: what works best?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 205-248, April.
    19. Kostas Mavromaras & James A. Giesecke & Peter B. Dixon & Maureen T. Rimmer, 2017. "The Economy-wide Impacts of a Rise in the Capital Adequacy Ratios of Australian Banks," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 93, pages 16-37, June.
    20. Conrad F. J. Beyers & Allan Freitas & Kojo A. Essel-Mensah & Reyno Seymore & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2020. "A computable general equilibrium model for banking sector risk assessment in South Africa," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 195-218, June.
    21. Agustín Saade & Daniel Osorio & Dairo Estrada, 2007. "An equilibrium approach to financial stability analysis: the Colombian case," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 75-105, January.
    22. Leao, Emanuel R. & Leao, Pedro R., 2007. "Modelling the central bank repo rate in a dynamic general equilibrium framework," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 571-610, July.
    23. Nassios, Jason & Giesecke, James A. & Dixon, Peter B. & Rimmer, Maureen T., 2020. "What impact do differences in financial structure have on the macro effects of bank capital requirements in the United States and Australia?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 429-446.
    24. M. Udara Peiris & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2019. "International monetary equilibrium with default," Chapters, in: Financial Regulation and Stability, chapter 10, pages 259-269, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nelson Derrick Nguepi & Ibrahim Ngouhouo & Irina Bilan, 2024. "Foreign or Domestic Public Debt for Cameroon’s Development? An Externality Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-27, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gunnar Bårdsen & Kjersti-Gro Lindquist & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2012. "Evaluation of Macroeconomic Models for Financial Stability Analysis," Chapters, in: The Challenge of Financial Stability, chapter 3, pages 32-58, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Oriol Aspachs & Charles Goodhart & Dimitrios Tsomocos & Lea Zicchino, 2007. "Towards a measure of financial fragility," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 37-74, January.
    3. Martínez, J-F. & Peiris, M.U. & Tsomocos, D.P., 2020. "Macroprudential policy analysis in an estimated DSGE model with a heterogeneous banking system: An application to Chile," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 1(1).
    4. Mikhail Andreev & M. Udara Peiris & Aleksandr Shirobokov & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2019. "Macroprudential Policy and Financial (In)Stability Analysis in the Russian Federation," Russian Journal of Money and Finance, Bank of Russia, vol. 78(3), pages 3-37, September.
    5. Charles A.E. Goodhart & M. Udara Peiris & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2019. "Debt, recovery rates and the Greek dilemma," Chapters, in: Financial Regulation and Stability, chapter 13, pages 313-326, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Conrad F. J. Beyers & Allan Freitas & Kojo A. Essel-Mensah & Reyno Seymore & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2020. "A computable general equilibrium model for banking sector risk assessment in South Africa," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 195-218, June.
    7. Charles Goodhart & Pojanart Sunirand & Dimitrios Tsomocos, 2006. "A Time Series Analysis of Financial Fragility in the UK Banking System," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-21, January.
    8. Charles A. E. Goodhart & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2011. "The Role of Default in Macroeconomics," IMES Discussion Paper Series 11-E-23, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan.
    9. Hryckiewicz, Aneta & Kryg, Natalia & Tsomocos, Dimitrios P., 2023. "Bank resolution mechanisms revisited: Towards a new era of restructuring," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    10. Swamy, Vighneswara, 2013. "Banking System Resilience and Financial Stability," MPRA Paper 47512, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Peiris, M.U. & Shirobokov, A. & Tsomocos, D.P., 2024. "Does “Lean Against the Wind” monetary policy improve welfare in a commodity exporter?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    12. Charles A. E. Goodhart & Carolina Osorio & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2009. "Analysis of Monetary Policy and Financial Stability: A New Paradigm," CESifo Working Paper Series 2885, CESifo.
    13. Ondřej Machek & Luboš Smrčka, 2015. "An updated Model of Financial Fragility based on General Equilibrium Analysis [Aktualizace modelu finanční křehkosti založeného na analýze všeobecné rovnováhy]," Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2015(4), pages 23-42.
    14. firano, zakaria & Benbachir, Saad & Abouch, Mohammed, 2012. "Macroeconomic framework for financial stability for Morocco," MPRA Paper 43998, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Agustín Saade & Daniel Osorio & Dairo Estrada, 2007. "An equilibrium approach to financial stability analysis: the Colombian case," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 75-105, January.
    16. Goodhart, C.A.E. & Sunirand, P. & Tsomocos, D.P., 2011. "The optimal monetary instrument for prudential purposes," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 70-77, June.
    17. Xu, T.T., 2012. "The role of credit in international business cycles," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1202, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    18. Goodhart, Charles A.E. & Tsomocos, Dimitrios P. & Wang, Xuan, 2023. "Bank credit, inflation, and default risks over an infinite horizon," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    19. Charles A.E. Goodhart & Pojanart Sunirand & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2005. "A risk assessment model for banks," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 197-224, September.
    20. Samitas, Aristeidis & Polyzos, Stathis, 2016. "Freeing Greece from capital controls: Were the restrictions enforced in time?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 196-213.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:sajeco:v:90:y:2022:i:1:p:93-120. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/essaaea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.