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Internal migration and earnings: Do migrant entrepreneurs and migrant employees differ?

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  • Bach Nguyen

Abstract

People move from one region of a country to another not only for employment but also for business opportunities. Their earnings, relative to those of comparable local employees and local entrepreneurs, reflect the efficiency of internal migration policies. Investigating a large number of migrants and non‐migrants in Vietnam, we find that while migrant entrepreneurs earn more than local entrepreneurs, migrant employees earn less than their local counterparts. Moreover, regions with unalloyed socialist norms (North Vietnam) enhance migrants' advantages, leading to higher earnings, whereas migrants in regions with pro‐entrepreneurship norms (South Vietnam) find it difficult to compete with the locals. Las personas se desplazan de una región a otra de un país no sólo por el empleo, sino también por las oportunidades de negocio. Sus ingresos, en relación con los ingresos comparables de los empleados y empresarios locales, reflejan la eficacia de las políticas de migración interna. Mediante la investigación de un gran número de migrantes y no migrantes en Vietnam, se encontró que mientras que los empresarios migrantes ganan más que los empresarios locales, los empleados migrantes ganan menos que sus homólogos locales. Además, las regiones con normas socialistas puras (Vietnam del Norte) potencian las ventajas de los migrantes, lo que les permite obtener mayores ingresos, mientras que los migrantes de las regiones con normas favorables a la iniciativa empresarial (Vietnam del Sur) tienen dificultades para competir con los locales. 人々は国のある地域から別の地域へと移動するが、それは雇用のために限らず、ビジネスチャンスのために移動することもある。移住者の所得は、同等の現地の従業員や現地の起業家と比較して、国内移住政策の効率性を反映している。ベトナムにおける多数の移住者と非移住者の調査から、移住する起業家は現地の起業家よりも収入が多いが、移住する従業員は現地の従業員よりも収入が少ないことが分かった。さらに、純粋な社会主義的規範の地域(北ベトナム)では、移住者に有利で、より高い所得をもたらすが、起業家精神的規範の地域(南ベトナム)では、移住者が現地人と対等になるのは難しいことが示された。

Suggested Citation

  • Bach Nguyen, 2022. "Internal migration and earnings: Do migrant entrepreneurs and migrant employees differ?," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 101(4), pages 901-944, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:101:y:2022:i:4:p:901-944
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12689
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    1. Wen, Xin & Cheng, Zhiming & Tani, Massimiliano, 2024. "Rural-urban migration, financial literacy, and entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).

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