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Public Information, IPO Price Formation, and Long‐Run Returns: Japanese Evidence

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  • KENJI KUTSUNA
  • JANET KIHOLM SMITH
  • RICHARD L. SMITH

Abstract

The price formation process of JASDAQ IPOs is more transparent than in the United States. The transparency facilitates analysis of important issues in the IPO literature—why offer prices only partially adjust to public information and adjust more fully to negative information, and why adjustments are related to initial returns. The evidence indicates that early price information conveys the underwriter's commitment to compensate investors for acquiring and/or disclosing information. Offer prices reflect pre‐IPO market values of public companies and implicit agreements between underwriters and issuers that originate well before the offering. Underadjustment of offer prices is substantially reversed in the aftermarket.

Suggested Citation

  • Kenji Kutsuna & Janet Kiholm Smith & Richard L. Smith, 2009. "Public Information, IPO Price Formation, and Long‐Run Returns: Japanese Evidence," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(1), pages 505-546, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jfinan:v:64:y:2009:i:1:p:505-546
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01440.x
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    2. Hanley, Kathleen Weiss & Hoberg, Gerard, 2012. "Litigation risk, strategic disclosure and the underpricing of initial public offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 235-254.
    3. Fabio Bertoni & Matteo Bonaventura & Giancarlo Giudici, 2013. "The allotment of IPO shares: placing strategies between retail versus institutional investors," Chapters, in: Mario Levis & Silvio Vismara (ed.), Handbook of Research on IPOs, chapter 10, pages 207-218, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Wang, Liying, 2021. "Lifting the veil: The price formation of corporate bond offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(3), pages 1340-1358.
    5. Chang, Hsiu-Hua & Chen, Anlin & Kao, Lanfeng & Wu, Chin-Shun, 2014. "IPO price discovery efficiency under alternative regulatory constraints: Taiwan, Hong Kong and the U.S," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 83-96.
    6. Randall Morck & Bernard Yeung, 2017. "East Asian Financial and Economic Development," Working Papers id:12112, eSocialSciences.
    7. Christian Nielsen & Gunnar Rimmel & Tadanori Yosano, 2015. "Outperforming markets: IC and the long-term performance of Japanese IPOs," Accounting Forum, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 83-96, June.
    8. Jiang, Li & Li, Gao, 2013. "Investor sentiment and IPO pricing during pre-market and aftermarket periods: Evidence from Hong Kong," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 65-82.
    9. Lehmann, Timo & Weber, Matthias, 2021. "IPO Underpricing and Aftermarket Price Accuracy: Auctions vs. Bookbuilding in Japan," SocArXiv sa385, Center for Open Science.
    10. Michael Willenborg & Biyu Wu & Yanhua Sunny Yang, 2015. "Issuer Operating Performance and IPO Price Formation," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(5), pages 1109-1149, December.
    11. Feng, Xunan & Johansson, Anders C. & Wei, Dengxi, 2023. "Judging a book by its cover: Analysts and attention-driven price patterns in China's IPO market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    12. Pengda Fan & Kazuo Yamada, 2020. "Same bed different dream composition of IPO shares and withdrawal decisions in weak market conditions," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(4), pages 955-974, December.
    13. Kerins, Frank & Kutsuna, Kenji & Smith, Richard, 2007. "Why are IPOs underpriced? Evidence from Japan's hybrid auction-method offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(3), pages 637-666, September.
    14. Pengda Fan & Kazuo Yamada, 0. "Same bed different dream composition of IPO shares and withdrawal decisions in weak market conditions," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-20.
    15. Bakke, Einar & Leite, Tore E. & Thorburn, Karin S., 2010. "Public information and IPO underpricing," Discussion Papers 2010/6, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    16. Banerjee, Suman & Dai, Lili & Shrestha, Keshab, 2011. "Cross-country IPOs: What explains differences in underpricing?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 1289-1305.
    17. Bakke, Einar & Leite, Tore E. & Thorburn, Karin S., 2017. "Partial adjustment to public information in the pricing of IPOs," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 60-75.
    18. Chunhua Chen & Chuntai Jin & Tianze Li & Steven X. Zheng, 2018. "IPO valuation and offering size," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(2), pages 95-120, May.
    19. Jiao, Yawen & Kutsuna, Kenji & Smith, Richard, 2017. "Why do IPO issuers grant overallotment options to underwriters?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 34-47.
    20. Dorsman, André & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios, 2013. "European Sovereign Debt Crisis and the performance of Dutch IPOs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 308-319.
    21. Geranio, Manuela & Mazzoli, Camilla & Palmucci, Fabrizio, 2017. "The effects of affiliations on the initial public offering pricing," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 295-313.
    22. Kao, Lanfeng & Chen, Anlin, 2019. "Partial adjustment of hybrid book-building IPOs with a pre-IPO market," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 292-300.
    23. Hoque, Hafiz & Mu, Shaolong, 2023. "Information spillover in Chinese hybrid IPO auctions," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    24. Chang, Chih-Hsiang & Lin, Shih-Jia, 2015. "The effects of national culture and behavioral pitfalls on investors' decision-making: Herding behavior in international stock markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 380-392.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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