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Prices for a second‐generation biofuel industry in Canada: Market linkages between Canadian wheat and US energy and agricultural commodities

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  • Curtis McKnight
  • Feng Qiu
  • Marty Luckert
  • Grant Hauer

Abstract

The production of biofuels is limited in Canada, but the availability of wheat straw as a second‐generation (i.e., cellulosic) feedstock is an exciting prospect for the future development of a biofuel industry. The future success of such a biofuel industry will depend on future ethanol prices and prices related to wheat straw. These prices are likely to be influenced by markets related to the existing first‐generation ethanol industry in the United States. Therefore, the motivation of this paper is to investigate relationships between Canadian wheat prices and US corn, ethanol, and gasoline prices. We employ a DCC‐MGARCH enhanced VEC model to investigate time‐varying relationships among these markets. Results indicate that there are positive relationships between wheat and corn, ethanol and corn, and wheat and ethanol markets. Our results add to a better understanding of the level of integration between select Canadian agricultural markets and US energy markets. More specifically, the price relationships identified highlight several sources of price risk that may affect the financial success of commercially producing second‐generation ethanol from wheat straw in Canada. This information will be of particular interest to prospective industry investors and policymakers. La production de biocarburants est limitée au Canada, mais la disponibilité de paille de blé comme matière première est une perspective intéressante pour le développement futur d'une industrie des biocarburants de deuxième génération (c.‐à‐d. cellulosique). Le succès futur d'une telle industrie des biocarburants dépendra des prix futurs de l'éthanol et des prix liés à la paille de blé. Ces prix sont susceptibles d'être influencés par les marchés liés à l'industrie actuelle de l'éthanol de première génération aux États‐Unis. Par conséquent, la motivation de cet article est d'étudier les relations entre les prix du blé canadien et les prix du maïs, de l'éthanol et de l'essence aux États‐Unis. Nous utilisons un modèle VEC amélioré DCC‐MGARCH pour étudier les relations variant dans le temps entre ces marchés. Les résultats indiquent qu'il existe des relations positives entre les marchés du blé et du maïs, de l'éthanol et du maïs, et du blé et de l'éthanol. Nos résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension du niveau d'intégration entre certains marchés agricoles canadiens et les marchés énergétiques américains. Plus précisément, les relations de prix identifiées mettent en évidence plusieurs sources de risque de prix qui peuvent affecter le succès financier de la production commerciale d'éthanol de deuxième génération à partir de paille de blé au Canada. Ces informations seront particulièrement intéressantes pour les investisseurs potentiels et les décideurs politiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Curtis McKnight & Feng Qiu & Marty Luckert & Grant Hauer, 2021. "Prices for a second‐generation biofuel industry in Canada: Market linkages between Canadian wheat and US energy and agricultural commodities," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(3), pages 337-351, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:337-351
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12295
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    2. Liya Hau & Huiming Zhu & Muhammad Shahbaz & Ke Huang, 2023. "Quantile Dependence between Crude Oil and China’s Biofuel Feedstock Commodity Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Zhuo Chen & Bo Yan & Hanwen Kang, 2022. "Dynamic correlation between crude oil and agricultural futures markets," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(3), pages 1798-1849, August.

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