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Vulnerability of Vietnamese Elderly to Poverty: Determinants and Policy Implications

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  • Long T. Giang
  • Wade D. Pfau

Abstract

We identify determinants of elderly poverty in Vietnam using household survey data from 2004. The elderly living in urban and rural areas face significantly different conditions. Some factors impact poverty in both urban and rural areas (e.g. age, marital status, region and remittance receipts), some factors are insignificant in both areas (e.g. living arrangements and household head characteristics) and some factors have a differing impact in the two areas (e.g. gender, ethnicity, and household composition and size). With these findings, we formulate policy priorities, including reducing regional disparities, promoting the rural economy and reforming social security.

Suggested Citation

  • Long T. Giang & Wade D. Pfau, 2009. "Vulnerability of Vietnamese Elderly to Poverty: Determinants and Policy Implications," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 23(4), pages 419-437, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:asiaec:v:23:y:2009:i:4:p:419-437
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8381.2009.02022.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2003. "Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty," World Bank Publications - Reports 14651, The World Bank Group.
    2. repec:pru:wpaper:8 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Pfau, Wade Donald & Giang, Thanh Long, 2008. "Gender and Remittance Flows in Vietnam during Economic Transformation," MPRA Paper 18859, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Baulch, Bob & Truong Thi Kim Chuyen & Haughton, Dominique & Haughton, Jonathan, 2002. "Ethnic minority development in Vietnam : a socioeconomic perspective," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2836, The World Bank.
    5. Giang, Thanh Long & Pfau, Wade Donald, 2007. "The Elderly Population in Vietnam during Economic Transformation: An Overview," MPRA Paper 24948, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Giang, Thanh Long, 2005. "Pension Liabilities and Generational Relations: The Case of Vietnam," MPRA Paper 970, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Mar 2006.
    7. Giang Thanh Long & Wade Donald Pfau, 2008. "Ageing, Poverty, and the Role of a Social Pension in Vietnam," GRIPS Discussion Papers 10-09, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, revised Jul 2010.
    8. Giang, Thanh Long & Pfau, Wade Donald, 2009. "An Exploration for a Universal Non-contributory Pension Scheme in Vietnam," MPRA Paper 24947, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Xin Meng & Robert G. Gregory & Guanghua Wan, 2006. "China Urban Poverty and its Contributing Factors, 1986-2000," WIDER Working Paper Series RP2006-133, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    10. Giang, Thanh Long, 2004. "The Pension Scheme in Vietnam: Current Status and Challenges in an Aging Society," MPRA Paper 969, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Giang, Thanh Long & Pfau, Wade Donald, 2007. "Patterns and Determinants of Living Arrangements for the Elderly in Vietnam," MPRA Paper 24949, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Quang Tran, Tuyen & Quy Nguyen, Thanh & Vu Van, Huong & Thanh Doan, Tinh, 2015. "Religiosity and life satisfaction among old people: Evidence from a transitional country," MPRA Paper 81360, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Jun 2015.
    2. La, Hai Anh & Xu, Ying, 2017. "Remittances, social security, and the crowding-out effect: Evidence from Vietnam," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 42-59.
    3. Tuyen Quang Tran & Cuong Viet Nguyen & Huong Vu, 2018. "Does Economic Inequality Affect the Quality of Life of Older People in Rural Vietnam?," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 781-799, March.
    4. Dao Duy Minh & Philippe Lebailly & Nguyen Dang Hao & Philippe Burny & Ho Thi Minh Hop, 2019. "The Dynamics of Livelihood Vulnerability Index at Farm Household Level: An Empirical Analysis of the Coastal Sandy Zone in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 77-89.
    5. Kang, Ji Young & Park, Sojung & Ahn, Seoyeon, 2022. "The effect of social pension on consumption among older adults in Korea," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    6. Cuong Nguyen & Vu Linh & Thang Nguyen, 2013. "Urban poverty in Vietnam: determinants and policy implications," International Journal of Development Issues, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 12(2), pages 110-139, June.
    7. Nguyen, Thao Phuong, 2020. "The determinants impact on poverty reduction in Vietnam," OSF Preprints 3f9xc, Center for Open Science.
    8. Tuyen Quang Tran & Thanh Quy Nguyen & Huong Vu & Tinh Thanh Doan, 2017. "Religiosity and Subjective Well-Being Among Old People: Evidence from a Transitional Country," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 12(4), pages 947-962, December.
    9. Pfau, Wade Donald & Giang, Thanh Long, 2009. "Remittances, Living Arrangements, and the Welfare of the Elderly," MPRA Paper 19121, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Christophe Z Guilmoto & Myriam de Loenzien, 2015. "Emerging, transitory or residual? One-person households in Viet Nam," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 32(42), pages 1147-1176.
    11. Tuyen Quang Tran & Huong Vu, 2018. "A microeconometric analysis of housing and life satisfaction among the Vietnamese elderly," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(2), pages 849-867, March.
    12. Thang T. Vo, 2018. "Social capital and household vulnerability: New evidence from rural Vienam," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-167, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    13. Dai Binh Tran & Pham Ngoc Tham & Pablo Barriga, 2025. "Retirement dynamics and anticipated well-being: insights from rural Vietnam," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    14. Giang, Long Thanh & Pfau, Wade Donald, 2009. "A Gender Perspective on Elderly Work in Vietnam," MPRA Paper 24946, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Social Policy and Population Section, Social Development Division, ESCAP., 2011. "Asia-Pacific Population Journal Volume 26, No. 2," Asia-Pacific Population Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 26(2), pages 1-92, June.
    16. repec:osf:osfxxx:3f9xc_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. repec:ags:ijag24:344589 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Long, Tran Quy, 2019. "Access to social security benefits for older people living in rural areas of Vietnam," Village and Agriculture (Wieś i Rolnictwo), Polish Academy of Sciences (IRWiR PAN), Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, vol. 184(3), September.
    19. Thang Vo, 2018. "Social capital and household vulnerability: New evidence from rural Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series 167, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    20. Vo, Thang T., 2018. "Household vulnerability as expected poverty in Vietnam," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 10, pages 1-14.

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