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Why do loans contain covenants? Evidence from lending relationships

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Hasan, Iftekhar & Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Jagiełło, Robert & Kowalewski, Oskar & Kozłowski, Łukasz, 2021. "Local banks as difficult-to-replace SME lenders: Evidence from bank corrective programs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
  2. Berger, Allen N. & Bouwman, Christa H.S. & Norden, Lars & Roman, Raluca A. & Udell, Gregory F. & Wang, Teng, 2025. "Is a friend in need a friend indeed? How relationship borrowers fare during the COVID-19 crisis," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  3. Xu Chong Bo & Wenyi Li & Jing Shi & Yi Zheng & Qing Zhou, 2021. "Relationship lending and bank loan covenant violations," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(4), pages 5847-5878, December.
  4. Ambrocio, Gene & Colak, Gonul & Hasan, Iftekhar, 2022. "Commitment or constraint? The effect of loan covenants on merger and acquisition activity," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
  5. Theodora Bermpei & Antonios Nikolaos Kalyvas & Simon Wolfe, 2024. "Does IRS Monitoring Matter for the Cost of Bank Loans?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 65(2), pages 153-188, June.
  6. Thomas Ruchti & Andrew Bird & Stephen A. Karolyi & Michael Hertzel, 2024. "The Value of Lending Relationships," Working Papers 24-02, Office of Financial Research, US Department of the Treasury.
  7. Toni Ahnert & Sebastian Doerr & Mr. Nicola Pierri & Mr. Yannick Timmer, 2021. "Does IT Help? Information Technology in Banking and Entrepreneurship," IMF Working Papers 2021/214, International Monetary Fund.
  8. Haotian Xiang, 2019. "Time Inconsistency and Financial Covenants," 2019 Meeting Papers 63, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  9. BC, Bishal & Esfahani, Sharif, 2020. "The role of debt contracts in analyst earnings forecasts," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
  10. Aurore Burietz & Kim Oosterlinck & Ariane Szafarz, 2025. "Hold-up in Syndicated Lending: Why Do Bank Relationships Lead to Higher Costs for High-Quality Firms?," Working Papers CEB 25-005, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  11. Cao, Mengyi & Xia, Qing, 2021. "Trust and use of covenants," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
  12. Zhiming Ma & Kirill E. Novoselov & Derrald Stice & Yue Zhang, 2024. "Firm innovation and covenant tightness," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 151-193, March.
  13. Luca Benzoni & Lorenzo Garlappi & Robert Goldstein, 2023. "Incomplete Information, Debt Issuance, and the Term Structure of Credit Spreads," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(7), pages 4331-4352, July.
  14. Wang, Jing, 2017. "Debt covenant design and creditor control rights: Evidence from the tightest covenant," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 331-352.
  15. Hao, Jie & Pham, Viet & Sánchez, Daniela & Sánchez, Juan Manuel, 2021. "Perceptions of corporate corruption culture and debt contracting," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  16. Christophe J. Godlewski, 2025. "Language and private debt renegotiation," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 134-171, January.
  17. Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Kozłowski, Łukasz, 2019. "Social ties between SME managers and bank employees: Financial consequences vs. SME managers' perceptions," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1-1.
  18. Michèle Breton & Tiguéné Nabassaga, 2025. "Restrictive Clauses in Loan Contracts: A Sequential Stackelberg Game Interpretation," Dynamic Games and Applications, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 28-47, March.
  19. Toni Ahnert & Sebastian Doerr & Nicola Pierri & Yannick Timmer, 2026. "Information Technology in Banking and Entrepreneurship," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(3), pages 1796-1813, March.
  20. Haffki, Ricarda & Mager, Ferdinand & Hennig, Kerstin, 2023. "Big is beautiful: The impact of bank–borrower relationship and sponsor size on credit spreads and underwriting fees in commercial real estate lending," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  21. Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Małgorzata & Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Kozłowski, Łukasz, 2018. "SMEs' near-death experiences. Do local banks extend a helping hand?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 47-65.
  22. Cathcart, Lara & Dufour, Alfonso & Rossi, Ludovico & Varotto, Simone, 2024. "Corporate bankruptcy and banking deregulation: The effect of financial leverage," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
  23. Nagar, Venky & Schoenfeld, Jordan, 2021. "Shareholder monitoring and discretionary disclosure," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(1).
  24. Keil, Jan, 2023. "Lending relationships when creditors are in control," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  25. Tong, Jamie Yixing & Wang, Yujie & Xiang, Yi & Zhang, Feida Frank, 2025. "Information sharing and loan outcome: Evidence from CEO/CFO-bank links," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(6).
  26. Fengyan Yu & Qi Liang & Wei Wang, 2020. "State ownership and banks’ information rents: Evidence from China," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 55(2), pages 277-306, May.
  27. David Newton & Steven Ongena & Ru Xie & Binru Zhao, 2022. "Banks vs. Markets: Are Banks More Effective in Facilitating Sustainability?," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 22-22, Swiss Finance Institute.
  28. Green, Daniel & Liu, Ernest, 2021. "A dynamic theory of multiple borrowing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(2), pages 389-404.
  29. Godlewski, Christophe J. & Sanditov, Bulat, 2024. "Bank loan renegotiation and financial institutions' network," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
  30. Sebastian Doerr, 2019. "Unintended side effects: stress tests, entrepreneurship, and innovation," BIS Working Papers 823, Bank for International Settlements.
  31. Zhiming Ma & Derrald Stice & Christopher Williams, 2022. "What's my style? Supply‐side determinants of debt covenant inclusion," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(3-4), pages 461-490, March.
  32. Thomas R. Kubick & G. Brandon Lockhart & David C. Mauer, 2025. "CEO tax burden and debt contracting," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 738-775, March.
  33. Haffki, Ricarda & Hennig, Kerstin, 2025. "Determinants of credit spreads and cash flow-related lending in commercial real estate," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  34. Omri Even-Tov & Xinlei Li & Hui Wang & Christopher Williams, 2024. "The importance of individual-pair lending relationships," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 29(4), pages 3907-3945, December.
  35. Saiying Deng & Yutao Li, 2023. "Creditor control rights and borrower protection: the role of borrower consent clause in private debt contracts," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 357-394, July.
  36. Tim R. Adam & Valentin Burg & Tobias Scheinert & Daniel Streitz, 2020. "Managerial Biases and Debt Contract Design: The Case of Syndicated Loans," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(1), pages 352-375, January.
  37. José Valente & Mário Augusto & José Murteira, 2022. "Bargaining power and renegotiation of small private debt contracts," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 485-510, December.
  38. Lee, Edward & Pappas, Kostas & Xu, Alice Liang, 2020. "Foreign Lenders’ adoption of performance pricing provisions in syndicated loans," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
  39. Shazia, Farhan, 2024. "Crime and covenants," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  40. Liu, Chen & Wu, Yan Wendy, 2022. "CEO compensation and bank loan contracts," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 420-436.
  41. Jacob Thomas & Frank Zhang & Wei Zhu, 2021. "Dark Trading and Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(12), pages 7785-7811, December.
  42. Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Kozłowski, Łukasz, 2022. "Are SMEs locked in relationships with their banks?," Journal of East European Management Studies, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 27(1), pages 11-30.
  43. Dmytro Holod & Joe Peek & Gökhan Torna, 2024. "Relationship Lending: That Ship Has Not Sailed for Community Banks," Working Papers 24-5, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  44. Kubick, Thomas R. & Lockhart, G. Brandon & Mauer, David C., 2023. "Judge ideology and debt contracting," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
  45. Li, Xi & Lou, Yun, 2024. "Foreign institutional ownership and cross-border lending," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 124422, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  46. Robert Prilmeier & René M. Stulz, 2019. "Securities Laws, Bank Monitoring, and the Choice Between Cov-lite Loans and Bonds for Highly Levered," NBER Working Papers 25467, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  47. David Newton & Steven Ongena & Ru Xie & Binru Zhao, 2022. "Banks vs. Markets: Are Banks More Effective in Facilitating Sustainability?," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 22-22, Swiss Finance Institute.
  48. Dahiya, Sandeep & Hallak, Issam & Matthys, Thomas, 2025. "Cash holdings and relationship lending," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  49. Chen, Jie & Mishra, Tapas & Song, Wei & Zhang, Qingjing & Zhang, Zhuang, 2024. "The impact of bank mergers on corporate tax aggressiveness," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  50. Bushman, Robert & Gao, Janet & Martin, Xiumin & Pacelli, Joseph, 2021. "The influence of loan officers on loan contract design and performance," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(2).
  51. Golden, Joanna & Liu, Xiaotao Kelvin, 2025. "Capitalization of operating leases and the cost of bank loans," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  52. Kirak Kim & Trang Nguyen, 2024. "Debt Contracting When Borrowers Face Transitory Uncertainty: Evidence from U.S. Gubernatorial Elections," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(7), pages 4670-4692, July.
  53. Paseda, Oluseun & Olowe, Rufus, 2018. "The Debt Maturity Structure of Nigerian Quoted Firms," MPRA Paper 117061, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Jun 2018.
  54. Bazzana, Flavio & Zadorozhnaya, Anna & Gabriele, Roberto, 2018. "The role of covenants in bond issue. The case of Russian companies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 1-18.
  55. Dahiya, Sandeep & Hallak, Issam & Matthys, Thomas, 2020. "Targeted by an activist hedge fund, do the lenders care?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  56. Allen N. Berger & Christa H. S. Bouwman & Lars Norden & Raluca A. Roman & Gregory F. Udell & Teng Wang, 2024. "Piercing through Opacity: Relationships and Credit Card Lending to Consumers and Small Businesses during Normal Times and the COVID-19 Crisis," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(2), pages 484-551.
  57. Castro, Paula & Keasey, Kevin & Amor-Tapia, Borja & Tascon, Maria T. & Vallascas, Francesco, 2020. "Does debt concentration depend on the risk-taking incentives in CEO compensation?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
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