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When and why defaults influence decisions: a meta-analysis of default effects

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Peter John Robinson & W. J. Wouter Botzen, 2022. "Setting descriptive norm nudges to promote demand for insurance against increasing climate change risk," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 47(1), pages 27-49, January.
  2. Kamphorst, B.A. & O'Neill, E.R.H., 2025. "Digital recording and the hazards of unbounded moralized judgment," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  3. Rita Abdel-Sater & Coralie Chevallier, 2025. "Can green nudges increase inequalities?," Mind & Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer;Fondazione Rosselli, vol. 24(2), pages 827-844, December.
  4. Houdek, Petr, 2024. "Nudging in organizations: How to avoid behavioral interventions being just a façade," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
  5. Watson, Nicole E. & Huebner, Gesche M. & Fell, Michael J. & Shipworth, David, 2020. "Two energy suppliers are better than one: Survey experiments on consumer engagement with local energy in GB," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
  6. Meier, Johanna & Andor, Mark A. & Doebbe, Friederike C. & Haddaway, Neal R. & Reisch, Lucia A., 2022. "Review: Do green defaults reduce meat consumption?," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
  7. Warkentin, Lindsey M & Tjosvold, Lisa & Bond, Ken, 2026. "An inventory of policy levers to reduce low value care: Results of a rapid scoping review," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
  8. Dennis Guignet & Matthew T. Heberling & Michael Papenfus & Olivia Griot, 2022. "Property Values, Water Quality, and Benefit Transfer: A Nationwide Meta-analysis," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 98(2), pages 191-218.
  9. Cristina Bicchieri & Eugen Dimant, 2022. "Nudging with care: the risks and benefits of social information," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 191(3), pages 443-464, June.
  10. Robinson, Peter John & Botzen, W. J. Wouter & Kunreuther, Howard & Chaudhry, Shereen J., 2021. "Default options and insurance demand," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 39-56.
  11. Fels, Katja M., 2021. "Who nudges whom? Field experiments with public partners," Ruhr Economic Papers 906, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  12. Lars Behlen & Oliver Himmler & Robert Jäckle, 2023. "Defaults and effortful tasks," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 26(5), pages 1022-1059, November.
  13. repec:ags:aaea22:343537 is not listed on IDEAS
  14. Zhang, Yaxin & Shan, Yuli & Zheng, Xinzhu & Wang, Can & Guan, Yuru & Yan, Jin & Ruzzenenti, Franco & Hubacek, Klaus, 2023. "Energy price shocks induced by the Russia-Ukraine conflict jeopardize wellbeing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
  15. Oreopoulos, Philip, 2020. "Promises and Limitations of Nudging in Education," IZA Discussion Papers 13718, IZA Network @ LISER.
  16. Damgaard, Mette Trier, 2021. "A decade of nudging: What have we learned?," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2021(1), pages 1-21.
  17. repec:jdm:journl:v:17:y:2022:i:4:p:768-796 is not listed on IDEAS
  18. Andor, Mark Andreas & Götte, Lorenz & Price, Michael Keith & Schulze Tilling, Anna & Tomberg, Lukas, 2023. "Differences in how and why social comparisons and real-time feedback impact resource use: Evidence from a field experiment," Ruhr Economic Papers 1059, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  19. Katharina Momsen & Sebastian O. Schneider, 2022. "Motivated Reasoning, Information Avoidance, and Default Bias," Discussion Paper Series of the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics 2022_03, Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics.
  20. Rita Abdel Sater, 2021. "Essays on the application of behavioural insights to environmental policy [Essais sur l’application des connaissances comportementales aux politiques environnementales]," SciencePo Working papers tel-03450909, HAL.
  21. Patrick Lloyd‐Smith & Ewa Zawojska, 2025. "How stable and predictable are welfare estimates using recreation demand models?," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 107(3), pages 846-868, May.
  22. Stefano DellaVigna & Elizabeth Linos, 2022. "RCTs to Scale: Comprehensive Evidence From Two Nudge Units," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 90(1), pages 81-116, January.
  23. Wachner, Jonas & Adriaanse, Marieke & Hoven, Mariette van den & de Ridder, Denise, 2022. "Does default organ donation registration compromise autonomous choice? Public responses to a new donor registration system," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(9), pages 899-905.
  24. Behlen, Lars & Himmler, Oliver & Jaeckle, Robert, 2022. "Can defaults change behavior when post-intervention effort is required? Evidence from education," MPRA Paper 112962, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  25. Rotem Dvir, 2024. "Nudging citizens co-production: Assessing multiple behavioral strategies," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 57(4), pages 719-743, December.
  26. David J. Freeman & Hanh T. Tong & Lanny Zrill, 2021. "Default-Setting and Default Bias: Does the Choice Architect Matter?," Discussion Papers dp21-08, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University.
  27. Laura Derksen & Jason T Kerwin & Natalia Ordaz Reynoso & Olivier Sterck, 2025. "Healthcare Appointments as Commitment Devices," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 135(665), pages 81-118.
  28. Knips, Julian & Wernick, Christian, 2024. "Die Rolle von Vergleichsportalen auf dem deutschen Breitbandmarkt," WIK Discussion Papers 525, WIK Wissenschaftliches Institut für Infrastruktur und Kommunikationsdienste GmbH.
  29. Veríssimo, Diogo & Blake, Katie & Flint, Hilary Byerly & Doughty, Hunter & Espelosin, Dulce & Gregg, Emily A. & Kubo, Takahiro & Mann-Lang, Judy & Perry, Laura R. & Selinske, Matthew J. & Shreedhar, G, 2024. "Changing human behavior to conserve biodiversity," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126106, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  30. Isler, Ozan & Rojas, Andres & Dulleck, Uwe, 2022. "Easy to shove, difficult to show: Effect of educative and default nudges on financial self-management," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C).
  31. Ortmann, Andreas & Ryvkin, Dmitry & Wilkening, Tom & Zhang, Jingjing, 2023. "Defaults and cognitive effort," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1-19.
  32. Gutmann, Jerg & Brandimarte, Laura & Muehlheusser, Gerd & Weber, Franziska, 2025. "Privacy concerns and willingness to adopt AI products: A cross-country randomized survey experiment," ILE Working Paper Series 83, University of Hamburg, Institute of Law and Economics.
  33. L. Lades & F. Nova, 2024. "Ethical Considerations When Using Nudges to Reduce Meat Consumption: an Analysis Through the FORGOOD Ethics Framework," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 1-19, March.
  34. Rita Abdel Sater, 2021. "Essays on the application of behavioural insights to environmental policy [Essais sur l’application des connaissances comportementales aux politiques environnementales]," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) tel-03450909, HAL.
  35. Paul Adams & Benedict Guttman‐Kenney & Lucy Hayes & Stefan Hunt & David Laibson & Neil Stewart, 2022. "Do Nudges Reduce Borrowing and Consumer Confusion in the Credit Card Market?," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 89(S1), pages 178-199, June.
  36. Hirofumi Kurokawa & Shusaku Sasaki, 2023. "How Does Opt-in Work? A Field Experiment on Financial Incentives for Physical Activity," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business 23-01, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics.
  37. Diane Pelly & Orla Doyle, 2022. "Nudging in the workplace: increasing participation in employee EDI wellness events," Working Papers 202208, Geary Institute, University College Dublin.
  38. Peter John Robinson & W. J. Wouter Botzen, 2025. "Behavioural public policy for natural disaster preparedness and the role of economic experiments," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
  39. Cauwelier, Kathleen & Buldeo Rai, Heleen & Mommens, Koen, 2025. "Thinking fast, slow delivery: nudging sustainable choices among Gen Z consumers," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
  40. Löfgren, Åsa & Nordblom, Katarina, 2020. "A theoretical framework of decision making explaining the mechanisms of nudging," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1-12.
  41. Maic Rakitta & Jannis Wernery, 2021. "Cognitive Biases in Building Energy Decisions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-21, September.
  42. Böhm, Robert & Halevy, Nir & Kugler, Tamar, 2022. "The power of defaults in intergroup conflict," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
  43. Leonhard K. Lades & Ewa Zawojska & Robert J. Johnston & Nick Hanley & Liam Delaney & Mikołaj Czajkowski, 2022. "Anomalies or Expected Behaviors? Understanding Stated Preferences and Welfare Implications in Light of Contemporary Behavioral Theory," Working Papers 2022-20, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
  44. Subramanian, Arjunan & Kumar, Parmod, 2024. "Property rights, factor allocation and household welfare: Experimental evidence from a land titling program in India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  45. Sullivan, Nikki & Breslav, Alexander & Doré, Samyukta & Bachman, Matthew & Huettel, Scott A., 2025. "The golden halo of defaults in simple choices," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126086, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  46. Diederich, Johannes & Goeschl, Timo & Waichman, Israel, 2025. "Trading off autonomy and efficiency in choice architectures: Self-nudging versus social nudging," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
  47. Sebastian Riedmiller & Matthias Sutter & Sebastian Tonke, 2025. "Designing Effective Interventions," CESifo Working Paper Series 12279, CESifo.
  48. Wang, Wenjie & Ida, Takanori & Shimada, Hideki, 2020. "Default effect versus active decision: Evidence from a field experiment in Los Alamos," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
  49. Hoover, Hanna, 2022. "Nudges as norms: Evidence from the NYC taxi cab industry," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  50. de Ridder, Denise & Adriaanse, Marieke & van Gestel, Laurens & Wachner, Jonas, 2023. "How does nudging the COVID-19 vaccine play out in people who are in doubt about vaccination?," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  51. Luc Meunier & Sophie Richit, 2023. "Testing four nudges in socially responsible investments: Default winner by inertia," Post-Print hal-04325247, HAL.
  52. Baker, Maher Asaad, 2025. "The Evolution of Behavioral Economics in Policy Design: A Critical Review (2015–2025)," MPRA Paper 126231, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  53. Lemken, Dominic & Simonetti, Aline & Heinke, Gloria & Estevez, Ana, 2024. "Evidence on the effectiveness-acceptance trade-off between forced active choice and default nudging - A field study to reduce meat consumption in cafeterias," 2024 Annual Meeting, July 28-30, New Orleans, LA 343537, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  54. Eugen Dimant, 2020. "Hate Trumps Love: The Impact of Political Polarization on Social Preferences," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 029, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
  55. Mills, Stuart, 2022. "Finding the ‘nudge’ in hypernudge," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  56. Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2025. "Study on behavioural economics for efficient regulation and supervision," Colección Estudios de Mercado E/CNMC/002/23_ENG, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC).
  57. Dykstra, Holly & Fernández Guerrico, Sofía, 2026. "Offsetting the Earnings Disincentive in Public Housing: Evidence from a Behaviorally Informed Field Intervention," IZA Discussion Papers 18483, IZA Network @ LISER.
  58. Joaquina Couto & Leendert van Maanen & Maël Lebreton, 2020. "Investigating the origin and consequences of endogenous default options in repeated economic choices," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-19, August.
  59. Mette T. Damgaard, 2020. "A decade of nudging: What have we learned?," Economics Working Papers 2020-07, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
  60. Malmendier, Ulrike & Schaffranka, Claudia & Schwarz, Milena, 2025. "Generation Frühstart-Rente," Working Papers 02/2025, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
  61. Simon Gächter & Eric J. Johnson & Andreas Herrmann, 2022. "Individual-level loss aversion in riskless and risky choices," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 92(3), pages 599-624, April.
  62. Meg Elkins & Tim R. L. Fry, 2026. "QR code-enabled tips to street performers at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival," Journal of Cultural Economics, Springer;The Association for Cultural Economics International, vol. 50(1), pages 105-128, March.
  63. Shimada, Hideki & Honda, Tomonori, 2022. "What drives households’ choices of residential solar photovoltaic capacity?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
  64. repec:osf:socarx:e9nyu_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  65. Fabia Marie Hettler & Jan-Philip Schumacher & Eduard Anton & Berna Eybey & Frank Teuteberg, 2025. "Understanding the user perception of digital nudging in platform interface design," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 2097-2134, June.
  66. Alpizar, Francisco & Carlsson, Fredrik & Lanza, Gracia, 2024. "On the perils of environmentally friendly alternatives," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  67. S. Mills & S. Costa & C. R. Sunstein, 2023. "AI, Behavioural Science, and Consumer Welfare," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 387-400, September.
  68. Rahal, Rima-Maria, 2025. "Advancing openness in economic research through the lens of behavioral and experimental economics," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
  69. Hall, Caroline & Lindahl, Erica & Rosenqvist, Olof, 2025. "Increasing participation in preschool - Evidence from a default enrollment policy," Working Paper Series 2025:18, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  70. Liu, Xin & Zhao, Ning & Li, Shu & Zheng, Rui, 2022. "Opt-out policy and its improvements promote COVID-19 vaccinations," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
  71. Luca Congiu & Ivan Moscati, 2022. "A review of nudges: Definitions, justifications, effectiveness," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1), pages 188-213, February.
  72. Chikazoe, Junichi & Kawaguchi, Kohei & Suzuki, Kanji & Uetake, Kosuke & Watanabe, Yasutora & Yamada, Katsunori, 2025. "Why Default Nudges Work: Identifying Cognitive Mechanism with fMRI," SocArXiv wfrsp_v1, Center for Open Science.
  73. Iwata, Yukinori, 2025. "Active choosing or default rules? A revealed preference approach," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
  74. Oliver P. Hauser & Francesca Gino & Michael I. Norton, 2018. "Budging beliefs, nudging behaviour," Mind & Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer;Fondazione Rosselli, vol. 17(1), pages 15-26, November.
  75. Marvin M. Müller & Kim Leonardo Böhm & Erich Renz, 2023. "Pay or nudge employees into change? A theoretical and experimental investigation of the effect of nudging for organizational change," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(6), pages 3666-3695, September.
  76. Watson, Nicole Elizabeth & Huebner, Gesche & Fell, Michael James & Shipworth, David, 2020. "Two energy suppliers are better than one: survey experiments on consumer engagement with local energy in GB," SocArXiv e9nyu, Center for Open Science.
  77. Malmendier, Ulrike & Schaffranka, Claudia & Schwarz, Milena & Werding, Martin, 2025. "Neustart für die private Altersvorsorge: Ein renditestarkes Vorsorgedepot für Deutschland," Working Papers 04/2025, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
  78. Fatas, Enrique & Restrepo-Plaza, Lina, 2022. "When losses can be a gain. A large lab-in-the-field experiment on reference dependent forgiveness in Colombia," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  79. Leonhard Lades & Federica Nova, 2022. "Ethical Considerations when using Behavioural Insights to Reduce Peoples Meat Consumption," Working Papers 202209, Geary Institute, University College Dublin.
  80. repec:plo:pone00:0234149 is not listed on IDEAS
  81. Mira Fischer & Philipp Lergetporer & Katharina Werner, 2024. "Do Narratives about Psychological Mechanisms Affect Public Support for Behavioral Policies?," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 505, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
  82. Milfeld, Tyler & Packer, Olivia, 2025. "Marketplace power and choice framing: How and when CSR surcharges generate consumer anger," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
  83. Beshears, John & Kosowsky, Harry, 2020. "Nudging: Progress to date and future directions," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 161(S), pages 3-19.
  84. Mills, Stuart, 2025. "Being good and doing good in behavioral policymaking," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126299, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  85. Nataliia Bielova & Laura Litvine & Anysia Nguyen & Mariam Chammat & Vincent Toubiana & Estelle Hary, 2024. "The Effect of Design Patterns on (Present and Future) Cookie Consent Decisions," Post-Print hal-04913806, HAL.
  86. Kramer, Dennis A. & Lamb, Christina & Page, Lindsay C., 2021. "The effects of default choice on student loan borrowing: Experimental evidence from a public research university," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 470-489.
  87. Mark A. Andor & Lorenz Goette & Michael K. Price & Anna Schulze-Tilling & Lukas Tomberg, 2025. "Real-Time Feedback and Social Comparison Reports Impact Resource Use and Welfare: Evidence From a Field Experiment," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2025_651, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
  88. Timmons, Shane & McGowan, Féidhlim P. & Lunn, Peter D., 2019. "Setting defaults for online banking transactions: Experimental evidence from personal loan repayment terms," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 161-165.
  89. Di Domenico, Giandomenico & Premazzi, Katia & Cugini, Antonella, 2022. "“I will pay you more, as long as you are transparent!”: An investigation of the pick-your-price participative pricing mechanism," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 403-419.
  90. Camila Morales & Monica Mogollon, 2024. "The effects of a newcomer program on the academic achievement of English Learners," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(3), pages 735-760, June.
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