IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/wzb/wzebiv/spii2004-16.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Diffusion of ISO 9000 Standards and International Trade

Author

Listed:
  • Michal Grajek

Abstract

Investigating the link between ISO 9000 standards and bilateral exports, this paper contributes to the literature on standardization and international trade. A debate exists as to how ISO 9000 impacts trade. First, it has been argued that ISO 9000 is a "common language" that lowers information asymmetries between firms, thus allowing more efficient organization of inter-firm trade. Second, ISO 9000 has been criticized as a means of introducing market-entry barriers and a tariff on international trade. To assess the actual impact we estimate a gravity equation for bilateral exports incorporating ISO 9000 adoptions in each country as factors affecting bilateral trade barriers. Endogeneity issues are carefully addressed. To obtain additional insights, we separately estimate an ISO 9000 international diffusion equation. In general, our results support the "common language" hypothesis, i.e., the empirical tests find both domestic and foreign ISO 9000 adoptions to benefit bilateral exports. Moreover, we find evidence for a substitution effect, as ISO 9000 certified firms tend to trade with each other more than with uncertified firms. Consequently, the positive impact of these standards on trade is more pronounced among ISO 9000 abundant countries. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Die Diffusion von ISO 9000 Normen und der Internationale Handel) Das vorliegende Papier ist ein Beitrag zur Literatur über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Standardisierung und dem internationalen Handel, untersucht anhand der Verbindung zwischen der ISO 9000 Normierung und bilateralen Exportumsätzen. Über die Auswirkung von ISO 9000 auf den internationalen Handel existiert eine rege Debatte. Einerseits wurde argumentiert, dass die ISO 9000 Normen eine "gemeinsame Sprache" bilden, die die Informationsasymmetrie zwischen Unternehmen mindert und dadurch einen effizienteren Handel zwischen ihnen gewährt. Andererseits wurde ISO 9000 kritisiert als ein Mittel zur Einführung eines Marktzugangshemmnisses und als eine Steuer auf den internationalen Handel. Um die tatsächliche Auswirkung zu beurteilen, schätzen wir eine Gravitätsgleichung für die bilateralen Exportumsätze, die die nationalen Einführungszahlen von ISO 9000 als Determinanten der beidseitigen Handelshemmnisse berücksichtigt. Die Endogenitätsproblematik wird sorgfältig behandelt. Um zusätzliche Einsichten zu gewinnen, schätzen wir getrennt eine Gleichung der weltweiten Diffusion von ISO 9000. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen im Allgemeinen die Hypothese der "gemeinsamen Sprache", d.h. die empirischen Überprüfungen stellen fest, dass sich die inländischen sowie auch die ausländischen Einführungszahlen dieser Normen positiv auf die Exportumsätze der Handelspartner auswirken. Außerdem finden wir Anzeichen eines Substitutionseffektes, da die mit ISO 9000 zertifizierten Unternehmen zu mehr Handel mit anderen zertifizierten Unternehmen neigen als mit nicht zertifizierten Unternehmen. Folglich ist die positive Auswirkung der ISO 9000 Normierung auf den Handel zwischen den Ländern mit einer hohen Normierungsquote stärker ausgeprägt.

Suggested Citation

  • Michal Grajek, 2004. "Diffusion of ISO 9000 Standards and International Trade," CIG Working Papers SP II 2004-16, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
  • Handle: RePEc:wzb:wzebiv:spii2004-16
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://skylla.wz-berlin.de/pdf/2004/ii04-16.pdf
    File Function: Full text (original version)
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Freund, Caroline L. & Weinhold, Diana, 2004. "The effect of the Internet on international trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 171-189, January.
    2. James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2003. "Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(1), pages 170-192, March.
    3. Blind, Knut, 2001. "The impacts of innovations and standards on trade of measurement and testing products: empirical results of Switzerland's bilateral trade flows with Germany, France and the UK," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 439-460, December.
    4. Michal Grajek, 2002. "Identification of Network Externalities in Markets for Non-Durables," CIG Working Papers FS IV 02-32, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
    5. Docking, Diane Scott & Dowen, Richard J, 1999. "Market Interpretation of ISO 9000 Registration," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 22(2), pages 147-160, Summer.
    6. Alan V. Deardorff, 2011. "Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Neoclassical World?," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Robert M Stern (ed.), Comparative Advantage, Growth, And The Gains From Trade And Globalization A Festschrift in Honor of Alan V Deardorff, chapter 24, pages 267-293, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    7. Glick, Reuven & Rose, Andrew K., 2002. "Does a currency union affect trade? The time-series evidence," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(6), pages 1125-1151, June.
    8. James E. Anderson & Douglas Marcouiller, 2002. "Insecurity And The Pattern Of Trade: An Empirical Investigation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 84(2), pages 342-352, May.
    9. Diane Scott Docking & Richard J. Dowen, 1999. "Market Interpretation Of Iso 9000 Registration," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 22(2), pages 147-160, June.
    10. Swann, Peter & Temple, Paul & Shurmer, Mark, 1996. "Standards and Trade Performance: The UK Experience," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 106(438), pages 1297-1313, September.
    11. Rauch, James E., 1999. "Networks versus markets in international trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 7-35, June.
    12. David Hummels & James Levinsohn, 1995. "Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 110(3), pages 799-836.
    13. Casella, Alessandra, 1995. "Free Trade and Evolving Standards," CEPR Discussion Papers 1204, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    14. Manuel Arellano & Stephen Bond, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 277-297.
    15. Benezech, Daniele & Lambert, Gilles & Lanoux, Blandine & Lerch, Christophe & Loos-Baroin, Jocelyne, 2001. "Completion of knowledge codification: an illustration through the ISO 9000 standards implementation process," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(9), pages 1395-1407, December.
    16. James E. Rauch & Vitor Trindade, 2002. "Ethnic Chinese Networks In International Trade," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 84(1), pages 116-130, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. J. Luis Guasch & Jean-Louis Racine & Isabel Sánchez & Makhtar Diop, 2007. "Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6768, December.
    2. Joseph A Clougherty & Michał Grajek, 2008. "The impact of ISO 9000 diffusion on trade and FDI: A new institutional analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 39(4), pages 613-633, June.
    3. Boys, Kathryn A. & Grant, Jason H., 2010. "Iso 14000 Standards: Voluntary Environmental Governance As A Trade Facilitation Strategy?," 2010 Annual Meeting, July 25-27, 2010, Denver, Colorado 61855, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    4. Helble, Matthias & Majoe, Adam, 2020. "Can Environmental Regulations Drive International Trade? Lessons for Asia from the European Union’s Performance of Buildings Directive," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 35(1), pages 69-90.
    5. Orefice, Gianluca & Piermartini, Roberta & Rocha, Nadia, 2012. "Harmonization and mutual recognition: What are the effects on trade?," Conference papers 332285, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    6. Iñaki Heras-Saizarbitoria & Germán Arana & Ernesto Cilleruelo, 2013. "Adoption of ISO 9000 management standard in EU's transition economies: the case of the Baltic states," Journal of Business Economics and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 481-499, June.
    7. Prosper F. BANGWAYO-SKEETE & Winston R. MOORE, 2015. "Entry Into Export Markets And Quality Certifications: Evidence From Developing Countries," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 15(2), pages 17-34.
    8. Ederington,Josh & Ruta,Michele, 2016. "Non-tariff measures and the world trading system," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7661, The World Bank.
    9. Pascha, Werner & Storz, Cornelia, 2008. "How are markets created? The case of Japan's silver market," Working Papers on East Asian Studies 78/2008, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of East Asian Studies IN-EAST.
    10. Boys, Kathryn A. & Grant, Jason H., 2009. "ISO 9000 Standards: Implicit Barrier or Trade Facilitation Strategy?," 2009 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, 2009, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 49525, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Clougherty, Joseph A. & Grajek, Michał, 2014. "International standards and international trade: Empirical evidence from ISO 9000 diffusion," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 70-82.
    2. Joseph A. Clougherty & Michal Grajek, 2009. "ISO 9000: New form of protectionism or common language in international trade?," ESMT Research Working Papers ESMT-09-006, ESMT European School of Management and Technology.
    3. Cardamone, Paola, 2007. "A Survey of the Assessments of the Effectiveness of Preferential Trade Agreements using Gravity Models," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 60(4), pages 421-473.
    4. Fetzer, James J. & Rivera, Sandra A., 2005. "Modeling Modifications in Rules of Origin: A Partial Equilibrium Approach," Conference papers 331372, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    5. Brülhart, Marius & Trionfetti, Federico, 2009. "A test of trade theories when expenditure is home biased," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(7), pages 830-845, October.
    6. Dasgupta, Kunal & Mondria, Jordi, 2018. "Inattentive importers," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 150-165.
    7. Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry & Ries, John, 2010. "The erosion of colonial trade linkages after independence," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(1), pages 1-14, May.
    8. Maria Cipollina & Luca Salvatici, 2010. "Reciprocal Trade Agreements in Gravity Models: A Meta‐Analysis," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(1), pages 63-80, February.
    9. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8mck8sc1 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Cristea, Anca D., 2011. "Buyer-seller relationships in international trade: Evidence from U.S. States' exports and business-class travel," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 207-220, July.
    11. Faqin Lin, 2015. "Estimating the effect of the Internet on international trade," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 409-428, April.
    12. Hatzigeorgiou Andreas, 2010. "Migration as Trade Facilitation: Assessing the Links between International Trade and Migration," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-35, March.
    13. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/10142 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Anthony Briant & Pierre-Philippe Combes & Miren Lafourcade, 2014. "Product Complexity, Quality of Institutions and the Protrade Effect of Immigrants," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 63-85, January.
    15. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/10142 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry, 2014. "Gravity Equations: Workhorse,Toolkit, and Cookbook," Handbook of International Economics, in: Gopinath, G. & Helpman, . & Rogoff, K. (ed.), Handbook of International Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 0, pages 131-195, Elsevier.
    17. Mr. Rikhil Bhavnani & Ms. Natalia T. Tamirisa & Mr. Arvind Subramanian & Mr. David T. Coe, 2002. "The Missing Globalization Puzzle," IMF Working Papers 2002/171, International Monetary Fund.
    18. James Harrigan, 2001. "Specialization and the Volume of Trade: Do the Data Obey the Laws?," NBER Working Papers 8675, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2004. "Trade Costs," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 42(3), pages 691-751, September.
    20. Tamer Afifi, 2006. "Institutional Reform: a Step Towards Free Trade in Egypt," EcoMod2006 272100001, EcoMod.
    21. Sithanonxay SUVANNAPHAKDY & Toshihisa TOYODA & Chris CZERKAWSKI, 2011. "Enhancing Trade Flows in ASEAN Plus Six," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 11(2).
    22. Joseph A Clougherty & Michał Grajek, 2008. "The impact of ISO 9000 diffusion on trade and FDI: A new institutional analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 39(4), pages 613-633, June.
    23. Aviat, Antonin & Coeurdacier, Nicolas, 2007. "The geography of trade in goods and asset holdings," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 22-51, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gravity Model; International Trade; ISO 9000; Adoption of Standards; Network Effects; CompatibilityFlexibility.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wzb:wzebiv:spii2004-16. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Jennifer Rontganger (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cicwzde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.