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Diversification, Organization, and Efficiency: Evidence from Bank Holding Companies

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  • Peter G. Klein
  • Marc R. Saidenberg

Abstract

We use a portfolio-simulation technique to estimate the value added from diversification by bank holding companies. Using a sample of 412 multi-bank bank holding companies (MBHCs) from 1990 to 1994, we construct pro forma benchmark portfolios for each MBHC composed of shares of single banks, weighted to correspond to the MBHC's distribution of activities. We then compare the performance and characteristics of the MBHCs to that of their pro forma benchmarks. Diversification through the holding company structure does appear to bring certain benefits: the MBHCs hold less capital and engage in more lending, on average, then their pro forma benchmarks. However, these desirable characteristics do not translate into higher profits, implying some organizational inefficiencies inherent in the holding company structure. This suggests that banks should be allowed to realize the benefits of diversification without limiting them to a particular organizational form.

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  • Peter G. Klein & Marc R. Saidenberg, "undated". "Diversification, Organization, and Efficiency: Evidence from Bank Holding Companies," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 97-27, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    • Handle: RePEc:wop:pennin:97-27
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    Cited by:

    1. Claessens, Stijn & Djankov, Simeon & Joseph P. H. Fan & Lang, Larry H. P., 1999. "Corporate diversification in East Asia : the role of ultimate ownership and group affiliation," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2089, The World Bank.
    2. Paola Brighi & Valeria Venturelli, 2013. "How Income Diversification, Size and Capital Ratio Affect BHC’s Performance?," Department of Economics (DEMB) 0025, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Economics "Marco Biagi".
    3. Swamy, Vighneswara, 2012. "Financial Holding Company Structure for India," MPRA Paper 47515, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Nedelchev, Miroslav, 2010. "Корпоративно Управление На Финансови Групи (Спазвай И Обяснявай) [Corporate Governance of Financial Groups (Comply and Explain)]," MPRA Paper 52249, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Paola Brighi & Valeria Venturelli, 2014. "How do income diversification, firm size and capital ratio affect performance? Evidence for bank holding companies," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(21), pages 1375-1392, November.
    6. Kaouther Toumi Lajimi & Rana El Bahsh & Serge Agbodjo, 2017. "The determinants of bank profitability, does Islamic ethics perspective matter ? A comprehensive study on Islamic banks vs. Conventional ones," Post-Print hal-04109833, HAL.
    7. Shoaib Nisar & Ke Peng & Susheng Wang & Badar Nadeem Ashraf, 2018. "The Impact of Revenue Diversification on Bank Profitability and Stability: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-25, April.
    8. Jeon, Bang Nam & Wu, Ji & Chen, Limei & Chen, Minghua, 2020. "Diversification, efficiency and risk of banks: New consolidating evidence from emerging economies," School of Economics Working Paper Series 2020-10, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University.
    9. Meslier, Céline & Tacneng, Ruth & Tarazi, Amine, 2014. "Is bank income diversification beneficial? Evidence from an emerging economy," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 97-126.
    10. James W. Kolari & Charles C. Ou & G. Hwan Shin, 2006. "Assessing the Profitability and Riskiness of Small Business Lenders in the Banking Industry," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 11(2), pages 1-26, Summer.
    11. Viral V. Acharya & Iftekhar Hasan & Anthony Saunders, 2006. "Should Banks Be Diversified? Evidence from Individual Bank Loan Portfolios," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 79(3), pages 1355-1412, May.
    12. Samar Jameel Kalyal & Dawood Ashraf & Asfia Obaid, 2019. "The Role of Stability and Ownership Structure in Determining the Efficiency of US Bank Holding Companies," Business & Economic Review, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, vol. 11(2), pages 19-44, June.
    13. Kalluru Siva REDDY*, 2011. "Determinants of Commercial Banks Profit Ability in India: A Dynamic Panel Data Model Approach," Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, Applied Economics Research Centre, vol. 21, pages 15-36.
    14. Berger, Allen N. & Demsetz, Rebecca S. & Strahan, Philip E., 1999. "The consolidation of the financial services industry: Causes, consequences, and implications for the future," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(2-4), pages 135-194, February.
    15. Paola Brighi & Valeria Venturelli, 2013. "The Effect Of Revenue And Geographic Diversification On Bank Performance," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 0043, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    16. Paola Brighi & Valeria Venturelli, 2013. "The Effect Of Revenue And Geographic Diversification On Bank Performance," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 13103, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    17. Fiala, Tomas & Havranek, Tomas, 2017. "The sources of contagion risk in a banking sector with foreign ownership," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 108-121.
    18. Mitchell Berlin, 1999. "Jack of all trades? Product diversification in nonfinancial firms," Business Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, issue May, pages 15-29.
    19. Claessens, Stijn & Klingebiel, Daniela, 1999. "Alternative frameworks for providing financial services," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2189, The World Bank.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure

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