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Input-Output table and Carbon Footprint: Estimation and Structural Decomposition Analysis

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  • Simón Accorsi
  • Ramón E. López
  • Gino Sturla

Abstract

En este artículo comparamos dos metodologías para medir y asignar entre sectores productivos la huella de carbono para el caso chileno (2008-2013): la metodología de Balance Energético (BE), tradicionalmente utilizada por los policy makers, y una metodología que utiliza la información disponible en la Matriz Insumo-Producto (MIP). La metodología MIP, a diferencia de la BNE, considera las interacciones intra e inter-sectoriales a través de los flujos de inputs/outputs, obteniendo un indicador que mide de manera más precisa la huella de carbono atribuible a cada sector. En este sentido, la metodología BE subestima la huella atribuible al sector Minero y sobrestima las emisiones atribuibles a los sectores Transporte y Electricidad y Gas, lo cual tiene implicancias en los diseños de políticas de mitigación en general y en los efectos de esquemas de impuestos a las emisiones. En definitiva, el enfoque o metodología que se escoja para medir o cuantificar la huella de carbono no es inocuo, al menos a nivel sectorial. Esto es, diferentes metodologías reportan diferentes niveles de emisión sectoriales, aunque coinciden en el agregado. Un segundo objetivo de este trabajo consiste en explotar la información utilizada en la metodología MIP para lograr una mejor comprensión de la dinámica que vincula el nivel de emisiones con las estructuras productivo/tecnológicas subyacentes. Para ello se realiza un Análisis de Descomposición Estructural (ADE) que permite desagregar los cambios en las emisiones en (i) efecto escala, (ii) efecto composición y (iii) efecto ingreso. Los resultados muestran que el efecto que en mayor medida determina el aumento de emisiones para el caso chileno es el efecto escala, seguido del efecto técnico. El efecto composición en tanto, se asocia con una reducción de las emisiones lo cual refleja el tránsito hacia una economía basada en mayor medida en servicios.

Suggested Citation

  • Simón Accorsi & Ramón E. López & Gino Sturla, 2018. "Input-Output table and Carbon Footprint: Estimation and Structural Decomposition Analysis," Working Papers wp475, University of Chile, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:udc:wpaper:wp475
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    References listed on IDEAS

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