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Employment and the Risk of Domestic Violence: Does the Breadwinner’s Gender Matter?

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  • César Alonso-Borrego

    (Department of Economics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)

  • Raquel Carrasco

    (Department of Economics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)

Abstract

This paper studies the effect on the risk of female victimization of the employment statuses of both partners, conditional on income and a set of sociodemographic characteristics. Using cross-sectional data from the Violence Against Women (VAW) surveys for Spain in 1999, 2002, and 2006, we address the potential endogeneity of employment and income variables using a multivariate probit model. We exploit geographical-level information on employment and unemployment rates by gender and age, and on household income, to identify the parameters of the model. Our estimation results, for which proper account of the endogeneity problem proves critical, show that male partner employment plays a major role in the risk of physical violence, while female employment only lowers the risk of violence when her partner is employed too. The lowest risk of physical abuse appears for more egalitarian couples in which both partners are employed.

Suggested Citation

  • César Alonso-Borrego & Raquel Carrasco, 2016. "Employment and the Risk of Domestic Violence: Does the Breadwinner’s Gender Matter?," Working Papers 201607, Geary Institute, University College Dublin.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucd:wpaper:201607
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Marco Colagrossi & Claudio Deiana & Andrea Geraci & Ludovica Giua, 2022. "Hang up on stereotypes: Domestic violence and an anti‐abuse helpline campaign," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 40(4), pages 585-611, October.
    2. Rodriguez, Zachary, 2022. "The power of employment: Effects of India’s employment guarantee on women empowerment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    3. Gedikli, Cigdem & Popli, Gurleen & Yilmaz, Okan, 2023. "The impact of intimate partner violence on women’s labour market outcomes," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    4. Chiara Santantonio & Olivia Masi, 2024. "Overstretched: Financial Distress and Intimate Partner Violence in the U.S," Department of Economics Working Papers 107/24, University of Bath, Department of Economics.
    5. Angela Greulich & Aurélien Dasré, 2022. "The association between women’s economic participation and physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women: A case study for Turkey [Le lien entre violence domestique et emploi en Turquie]," Post-Print hal-03959678, HAL.
    6. Bergvall, Sanna, 2024. "Women’s economic empowerment and intimate partner violence," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    7. Karine Torosyan & Norberto Pignatti, 2020. "Employment vs. Homestay and the Happiness of Women in the South Caucasus," Working Papers 2020-007, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
    8. Bhalotra, Sonia R. & Kambhampati, Uma & Rawlings, Samantha & Siddique, Zahra, 2018. "Intimate Partner Violence and the Business Cycle," IZA Discussion Papers 11274, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Ojha, Manini & Babbar, Karan, 2023. "Power to choose? Examining the link between contraceptive use and domestic violence," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1336, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    10. Karine Torosyan & Norberto Pignatti, 2022. "Employment Versus Home-Stay and the Happiness of Women in the South Caucasus," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 4027-4071, December.
    11. Linchi Hsu & Alexander Henke, 2024. "Unemployment insurance generosity and intimate partner violence," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1461-1481, December.
    12. Alexander Henke & Linchi Hsu, 2022. "COVID-19 and Domestic Violence: Economics or Isolation?," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 43(2), pages 296-309, June.
    13. Caoimhe Rice & Judit Vall Castelló, 2018. "Hit where it hurts – healthcare access and intimate partner violence," Working Papers 2018/22, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
    14. Arenas-Arroyo, Esther & Fernandez-Kranz, Daniel & Nollenberger, Natalia, 2021. "Intimate partner violence under forced cohabitation and economic stress: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    15. Bedaso, Fenet Jima, 2024. "Her Job, her Safety? Domestic Violence and Women's Economic Empowerment: Evidence from Ethiopia," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1436, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    16. Ojha, Manini & Babbar, Karan, 2024. "Power to choose? Examining the link between contraceptive use decision and domestic violence," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    17. Tur-Prats, Ana, 2021. "Unemployment and intimate partner violence: A Cultural approach," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 27-49.
    18. Angela Greulich & Aurélien Dasré, 2022. "The association between women’s economic participation and physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women: A case study for Turkey [Le lien entre violence domestique et emploi en Turquie]," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03959678, HAL.
    19. César Alonso-Borrego & Raquel Carrasco, 2023. "Intimate partner violence and women’s health: the private and social burden," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(47), pages 5591-5611, October.
    20. Yasemin Dildar, 2021. "Is Economic Empowerment a Protective Factor Against Intimate Partner Violence? Evidence from Turkey," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 33(6), pages 1695-1728, December.
    21. Sara Cools & Martin Flatø & Andreas Kotsadam, 2020. "Rainfall shocks and intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 57(3), pages 377-390, May.
    22. Singh, Vanita & Babbar, Karan, 2022. "Empowered but abused? A moderated mediation analysis to explore the relationship between wife's relative resources, relational empowerment and physical abuse," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    23. Angela Greulich & Aurélien Dasré, 2022. "The association between women’s economic participation and physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women: A case study for Turkey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(11), pages 1-32, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    intimate-partner violence; employment; discrete choice; multivariate probit; endogeneity.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • D19 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Other
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities
    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

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