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Migration in the People’s Republic of China

Author

Listed:
  • Lu, Ming

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Xia, Yiran

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

Abstract

This report summarizes the characteristics of migration in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) after its reforms and opening up. Rapid urbanization in the PRC has resulted from recent decades of intense rural–urban migration. The scale of migration increased rapidly and long-term migration is the main characteristic. The population characteristics of migration are determined not only by a personal decision, but also a joint decision within households to send members with comparative advantages in manufacturing and services, usually male and young, to work in cities. Coastal regions where manufacturing and services are better developed, especially big cities, are the major destinations. The aspiration for higher-income and better job opportunities is the major force that drives migration, while public services and urban amenities also partly account for population flows. However, in the PRC, there are still major institutional barriers—especially the hukou system and related segmentation in the urban labor market, social security, and public services access—that hinder rural–urban and interregional migration. Facing the challenges of fast urbanization and growing urban diseases, local governments still rely on the current system to control the population flow into large cities. Controlling population growth by discriminative policies will lead to more social problems. Policy makers should reconsider the way to achieve efficient and harmonious urbanization by shifting to more pro-market policies and reducing the migration costs embedded in institutional constraints.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu, Ming & Xia, Yiran, 2016. "Migration in the People’s Republic of China," ADBI Working Papers 593, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0593
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Zhu, Panyu & Mumm, Olaf & Zeringue, Ryan & Endres, Elisabeth & Miriam Carlow, Vanessa, 2022. "Building-related resource use in Chinese eastern cities – Qingdao building stock as a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
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    5. Shi, Xuezhu, 2020. "Locked out? China’s health insurance scheme and internal migration," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    6. Cadsby, C. Bram & Song, Fei & Yang, Xiaolan, 2020. "Are “left-behind” children really left behind? A lab-in-field experiment concerning the impact of rural/urban status and parental migration on children's other-regarding preferences," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 715-728.
    7. Frison, Emile & Clément, Chantal, 2020. "The potential of diversified agroecological systems to deliver healthy outcomes: Making the link between agriculture, food systems & health," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    8. Ding, Xiaozhou, 2021. "College education and internal migration in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    migration; rural-urban migration; PRC; urbanization; hukou system; People’s Republic of China; rapid urbanization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • P25 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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