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Revisiting the Electricity Consumption-Growth Nexus for Portugal: Evidence from a Multivariate Framework Analysis

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  • Tang, Chor Foon
  • Shahbaz, Muhammad

Abstract

The aim of present paper is to re-investigate the long-run and causal relationship between electricity consumption, income, financial development, population and foreign trade in Portugal using the bounds testing approach to cointegration within the unrestricted error-correction model (UECM). The Granger causality test within the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) was conducted to examine the direction of causality. This study covered the annual sample of 1971 to 2009. Our empirical evidence supports the presence of a long-run relationship between the variables in Portugal. Moreover, the results indicate that increase in real income, financial development, population and foreign trade has positive impact on electricity consumption in Portugal. In addition, the overall Granger causality results exhibit bi-directional causal relationship between electricity consumption, real income, and population while uni-directional causality is running from financial development to electricity consumption. In this respect, Portugal is an energy dependent country, thus energy conservation policy (growth policy) may adversely affect the economic growth (environment or pollution) in Portugal. Ultimately, the Portuguese government should encourage research and development on technological innovation for energy savings without affecting economic development in Portugal.

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  • Tang, Chor Foon & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2011. "Revisiting the Electricity Consumption-Growth Nexus for Portugal: Evidence from a Multivariate Framework Analysis," MPRA Paper 28393, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:28393
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    Keywords

    Causality; electricity consumption; financial development; Portugal;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • Q20 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - General
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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