Структура И Ефективност На Договорните Отношения В Селското Стопанство На България[Structure and effectiveness of contractual relations in Bulgarian agriculture]

An A-S-P-R (Agents-Means-Processes-Order) approach to the economic understanding, analysis, and evaluation of agricultural contracts, based on the New Institutional Economics, has been applied. Through a large-scale representative survey of farm managers, the main types of contractual and other forms of governance have been identified, which are applied by Bulgarian farms in the supply of the necessary land and water, labor, services, short-term and long-term assets, innovations, finance, in minimizing risk, in the marketing of produce and services, and in the provision of ecosystem services. General conclusions have been drawn about the structure, management, factors, trends, and recommendations for improving contracts and contractual relations in Bulgarian agriculture. Based on statistical, reporting, survey, etc. information and using various methods (statistical, comparative, discrete-structural, functional, SWOT and qualitative analysis, multi-criteria assessment, documentary and literary analysis, case study, graphical, etc.) have been identified, analyzed and assessed: (1) the evolution of contracts of different types on Bulgarian farms in the last two and a half decades; (2) the dynamics of different types of contracts in the individual sub-sectors of agriculture compared to their evolution in other EU countries; (3) the contractual and other governance forms applied by farms in the supply of necessary resources and in the realization of products and services; (4) the evolution, factors and effectiveness of land leasing contracts, their regional distribution and impact on land concentration; (5) the relationships of agrarian contracts, the agro-ecological status of farming, the role of institutional intermediaries and the level of transaction costs; (6) the evolution and contemporary governance and contractual modes, critical factors, comparative and absolute costs and efficiency of labor supply in Bulgarian farms as a whole and in farms of different types and locations; (7) the evolution of the institutional structure, labor contracts, labor productivity and wages of employees in Bulgarian agriculture over the last three decades and a comparative analysis with other sectors in the country and with other EU countries; (8) the dominant forms of knowledge transactions on farms of different types; (9) the forms, efficiency and factors of governance of the main types of ecosystem services on farms of different types and locations; (10) main innovative contractual models for managing the provision of ecosystem services on farms (contract with an ecological clause for land tenure; contract linked to results; collective contract; and contract linked to the value chain); (11) marketing contracts in agriculture, their factors and interrelation with market stability and sustainability of the sector; (12) interaction and adaptive practices between agricultural producers and consumers in the conditions of the modern agricultural market; (13) possibilities for using blockchain by different types of farms as a tool for protecting contractual relations; (14) the role of contracts in agricultural cooperatives in the context of the Statute of the European Cooperative Society, as a framework that structures the internal and external relations of the cooperative; (15) the impact of agricultural land on key macroeconomic indicators and investment assets for a ten-year period; and (16) how contractual efficiency (pre)determines the level and factors of managerial and general efficiency of farms of different types and location.