IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/123141.html

The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism in Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Mudida, Robert
  • Gil-Alana, Luis

Abstract

This article focuses on the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism in several African countries located in Eastern and Southern Africa, focusing on five, namely, Burundi, Eswatini, Kenya, Mauritius and Seychelles which are important tourism destinations in Africa. For this purpose, fractional integration methods are used, which are very convenient to analyze the effects of shocks. Our results indicate that if we use data ending at December 2019, the series are mean reverting and the degree of persistence moves from low values in Mauritius and Seychelles to the highest value in Eswatini. However, if we included data referring to the Covid-19 period a substantial increase in the degree of persistence is observed, and the hypothesis of a unit root cannot be rejected for Eswatini or Mauritius with the original data and neither for Burundi or Seychelles with the log-transformed data. This implies that these economies need to increase their economic diversification to reduce excessive reliance on tourism where shocks tend to persist. Thus, only Kenya still displays a degree of mean reversion behavior and the development of innovative tourism products in Kenya can make tourism an even more important pillar of the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Mudida, Robert & Gil-Alana, Luis, 2024. "The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism in Africa," MPRA Paper 123141, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:123141
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/123141/1/MPRA_paper_123141.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sowell, Fallaw, 1992. "Maximum likelihood estimation of stationary univariate fractionally integrated time series models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1-3), pages 165-188.
    2. John Geweke & Susan Porter‐Hudak, 1983. "The Estimation And Application Of Long Memory Time Series Models," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(4), pages 221-238, July.
    3. Ramesh Durbarry, 2004. "Tourism and Economic Growth: The Case of Mauritius," Tourism Economics, , vol. 10(4), pages 389-401, December.
    4. Kwiatkowski, Denis & Phillips, Peter C. B. & Schmidt, Peter & Shin, Yongcheol, 1992. "Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root : How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1-3), pages 159-178.
    5. Gil-Alana, L. A. & Robinson, P. M., 1997. "Testing of unit root and other nonstationary hypotheses in macroeconomic time series," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 241-268, October.
    6. Elliott, Graham & Rothenberg, Thomas J & Stock, James H, 1996. "Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 64(4), pages 813-836, July.
    7. Diebold, Francis X. & Rudebusch, Glenn D., 1991. "On the power of Dickey-Fuller tests against fractional alternatives," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 155-160, February.
    8. Chien-Chiang Lee & Mei-Ping Chen, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on the travel and leisure industry returns: Some international evidence," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(2), pages 451-472, March.
    9. Hylleberg, S. & Engle, R. F. & Granger, C. W. J. & Yoo, B. S., 1990. "Seasonal integration and cointegration," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 44(1-2), pages 215-238.
    10. Willem A. Naudé & Andrea Saayman, 2005. "Determinants of Tourist Arrivals in Africa: A Panel Data Regression Analysis," Tourism Economics, , vol. 11(3), pages 365-391, September.
    11. Serena Ng & Pierre Perron, 2001. "LAG Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 69(6), pages 1519-1554, November.
    12. James E Payne & Luis A Gil-Alana & Andrea Mervar & Maria Goenechea, 2023. "Tourist arrivals and overnight stays along the Croatian Adriatic Coast: Changes in persistence and seasonality from the COVID-19 disruption," Tourism Economics, , vol. 29(6), pages 1679-1693, September.
    13. Sigala, Marianna, 2020. "Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 312-321.
    14. C. W. J. Granger & Roselyne Joyeux, 1980. "An Introduction To Long‐Memory Time Series Models And Fractional Differencing," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 1(1), pages 15-29, January.
    15. James E Payne & Luis A Gil-Alana & Andrea Mervar, 2022. "Persistence in Croatian tourism: The impact of COVID-19," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(6), pages 1676-1682, September.
    16. Nelson, Charles R. & Plosser, Charles I., 1982. "Trends and random walks in macroeconmic time series : Some evidence and implications," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 139-162.
    17. Hassler, Uwe & Wolters, Jurgen, 1994. "On the power of unit root tests against fractional alternatives," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 1-5, May.
    18. Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana & Carlos Poza, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on the Spanish tourism sector," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(3), pages 646-653, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Monge, Manuel & Poza, Carlos & Borgia, Sofía, 2022. "A proposal of a suspicion of tax fraud indicator based on Google trends to foresee Spanish tax revenues," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1-12.
    2. Monge, Manuel & Cristóbal, Enrique, 2021. "Terrorism and the behavior of oil production and prices in OPEC," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Derek Bond & Michael J. Harrison & Edward J. O'Brien, 2005. "Testing for Long Memory and Nonlinear Time Series: A Demand for Money Study," Trinity Economics Papers tep20021, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics.
    4. Fumitaka Furuoka & Luis A. Gil-Alana & OlaOluwa S. Yaya & Elayaraja Aruchunan & Ahamuefula E. Ogbonna, 2024. "A new fractional integration approach based on neural network nonlinearity with an application to testing unemployment hysteresis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 66(6), pages 2471-2499, June.
    5. Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana & Francisco Puertolas-Montanes, 2023. "Profitability of private equity: mean reversion and transitory shocks," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 47(2), pages 458-471, June.
    6. Monge, Manuel & Romero Rojo, María Fátima & Gil-Alana, Luis Alberiko, 2023. "The impact of geopolitical risk on the behavior of oil prices and freight rates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Monge, Manuel & Gil-Alana, Luis A., 2021. "Lithium industry and the U.S. crude oil prices. A fractional cointegration VAR and a Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    8. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Luis A. Gil-Alana, 2020. "Modelling Loans to Non-Financial Corporations within the Eurozone: A Long-Memory Approach," CESifo Working Paper Series 8674, CESifo.
    9. Christian Fischer & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana, 2005. "The Nature of the Relationship between International Tourism and International Trade: The Case of Ge," Faculty Working Papers 15/05, School of Economics and Business Administration, University of Navarra.
    10. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana, 2025. "Persistence in real GDP: Evidence from Europe and the US," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 45(3), pages 1376-1388.
    11. Peter C. B. Phillips & Zhijie Xiao, 1998. "A Primer on Unit Root Testing," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(5), pages 423-470, December.
    12. Gil-Alana, Luis A. & Carcel, Hector, 2020. "A fractional cointegration var analysis of exchange rate dynamics," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    13. Javier Haulde & Morten Ørregaard Nielsen, 2022. "Fractional integration and cointegration," CREATES Research Papers 2022-02, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    14. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Gloria Claudio-Quiroga & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana, 2022. "The relationship between prices and output in the UK and the US," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(6), pages 1-13, June.
    15. Baillie, Richard T., 1996. "Long memory processes and fractional integration in econometrics," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 5-59, July.
    16. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana & Pedro Jose Piqueras Martinez, 2024. "Dynamic Factor Models and Fractional Integration—With an Application to US Real Economic Activity," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, December.
    17. Giorgio Canarella & Stephen M Miller, 2017. "Inflation Persistence Before and After Inflation Targeting: A Fractional Integration Approach," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 43(1), pages 78-103, January.
    18. Christian Fischer & Luis Gil-Alana, 2009. "The nature of the relationship between international tourism and international trade: the case of German imports of Spanish wine," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(11), pages 1345-1359.
    19. Basma Bekdache & Christopher F. Baum, 1999. "A re-evaluation of empirical tests of the Fisher hypothesis," Computing in Economics and Finance 1999 944, Society for Computational Economics, revised 18 Sep 2000.
    20. Guglielmo Caporale & Luis Gil-Alana, 2009. "Multiple shifts and fractional integration in the US and UK unemployment rates," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 33(4), pages 364-375, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:123141. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.