The Role of Electric Vehicles in Road Transport Decarbonization: Exploring Environmental Impacts and Policy Implications through a Systematic Literature Review of System Dynamics Approaches

The systematic review examines the use of system dynamics models to decarbonize road transport with electric vehicles (EVs). The study assesses model structures, components, functions, and their environmental and policy implications across 31 selected journal articles. The review finds that many papers lack quantitative aspects and do not adequately validate their models, potentially limiting our understanding of policy impacts. It highlights that models often focus on policy variables for market penetration and decarbonization, overlooking holistic perspectives. Coordinated policies are crucial for effective EV adoption. The review calls for greater transparency in reporting and emphasizes the importance of understanding the time component of models. It stresses the need for model validation to ensure practical relevance. Additionally, the study suggests that EVs can reduce global greenhouse gas emissions but face various challenges. Policy tools like purchase subsidies can boost EV demand. The review underscores the necessity of a mix of policy instruments and regulatory requirements to promote EV adoption and carbon emissions reduction. It advocates a comprehensive approach involving investment, incentives, marketing, and regulation. Future research should consider holistic models, explore EVs' role in Africa, and investigate emissions reduction at the mode of transportation level.