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Challenges and Opportunities of India's Manufacturing Sector

Author

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  • Isabelle Joumard

    (OECD)

  • Urban Sila

    (OECD)

  • Hermes Morgavi

    (OECD)

Abstract

The manufacturing sector has contributed little to income growth and its share in total merchandise exports has been declining. Manufacturing has not brought much new employment, and most of the recent rise in manufacturing employment has been in the informal sector, where workers are not covered by social security arrangements. Productivity of the manufacturing sector is low, partly because the relatively small size of manufacturing firms makes it difficult to exploit economies of scale. Despite abundant, low-skilled and relatively cheap labour, Indian manufacturing is surprisingly capital and skill intensive. Furthermore, firms have little incentive to grow, since by staying small they can avoid taxes and complex labour regulations. Land acquisition is slow, companies face frequent power outages and transport infrastructure is below par. This is especially harmful as manufacturing is highly reliant on well-functioning infrastructure. Stronger manufacturing would increase productivity and make growth more inclusive, while contributing to improved current account balance. In particular, India should aim for more formal jobs, as these tend to be the most secure and of highest productivity. Défis et opportunités pour le secteur manufacturier en Inde Le secteur manufacturier ne contribue guère à l’accroissement du revenu et sa part dans les exportations totales de marchandises diminue, les services étant le premier moteur de la croissance économique. Le secteur crée peu d’emplois et la hausse récente de l’emploi dans la production manufacturière s’est réalisée pour l’essentiel dans le secteur informel, là où les travailleurs ne bénéficient pas de couverture sociale. La productivité du secteur manufacturier est faible, en partie parce que la taille relativement modeste des entreprises du secteur ne facilite pas les économies d’échelle. En dépit d’une main-d’oeuvre abondante, peu qualifiée et relativement bon marché, l’intensité en capital et en emplois qualifiés du secteur manufacturier indien est d’un niveau étonnamment élevé. De surcroît, les entreprises ne sont guère incitées à recruter et à accroître leurs effectifs car en restant de taille modeste, elles évitent les obligations fiscales et une réglementation complexe du travail. Les procédures d’acquisition de terains sont longues, les entreprises sont confrontées à de fréquentes coupures d’électricité et les infrastructures de transport laissent à désirer. Ces facteurs sont d’autant plus dommageables que la production manufacturière est fortement tributaire d’infrastructures qui fonctionnent. Un secteur manufacturier plus solide permettrait de rehausser la productivité et de rendre la croissance plus inclusive, tout en contribuant à améliorer la balance courante. En particulier, il faudrait que l’Inde vise à créer plus d’emplois formels car ceux-ci offrent généralement le plus de sécurité et sont plus productifs.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabelle Joumard & Urban Sila & Hermes Morgavi, 2015. "Challenges and Opportunities of India's Manufacturing Sector," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1183, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1183-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5js7t9q14m0q-en
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Sneha Sharad Pawar, 2018. "Trajectory of Manufacturing Industry in India since Post Reform Period," International Journal of Social Science Studies, Redfame publishing, vol. 6(8), pages 54-66, August.
    2. Sudhir Rana & Partha P. Saikia & Munim K. Barai, 2018. "Globalization and Indian Manufacturing Enterprises," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 7(3), pages 167-175, September.
    3. Arjun K. & Sanjay Kumar & A. Sankaran & Mousumi Das, 2021. "Open Door System and Endogenous Growth in Indian Economy: An Empirical Analysis on the Role of Human Capital and R&D in Explaining Industrial Productivity," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 46(1), pages 24-37, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    acquisition du terrain; business environment; education; emploi; employment; firm size; fiscalité; Inde; India; informality; infrastructure; infrastructure; labour regulation; land acquisition; manufacturing; productivity; productivité; réglementation du travail; secteur manufacturier; taille des entreprises; taxes; trade facilitation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J46 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Informal Labor Market
    • K2 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship

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