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Minority Bureaucrats’ Networks and Career Progression: Evidence from the Chinese Maritime Customs Service

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Listed:
  • Hu, Yan

    (Copenhagen Business School)

  • Maurer, Stephan

    (UPF Barcelona School of Management)

Abstract

Do minorities benefit from social networks? In this paper, we study this question using the historical example of China’s first modern bureaucratic organization, the Chinese Maritime Customs Service. Drawing on newly digitized personnel records from 1876-1911, we first show that the Chinese clerks employed by the service were predominantly Cantonese. Using the plausibly exogenous transfers of clerks across stations, we then estimate that a non-Cantonese (minority) clerk benefited significantly from meeting at least one colleague from his same province and dialect. Such connections led to faster promotion and a 5.6% salary increase, with even stronger effects when meeting a clerk who was either senior or of high quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Yan & Maurer, Stephan, 2026. "Minority Bureaucrats’ Networks and Career Progression: Evidence from the Chinese Maritime Customs Service," IZA Discussion Papers 18689, IZA Network @ LISER.
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18689
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J45 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Public Sector Labor Markets
    • N35 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Asia including Middle East
    • N75 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - - - Asia including Middle East

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