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Réduction du ratio de dette publique : quels instruments pour quels effets ?

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  • Benjamin Egron

    (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Suite à la crise économique survenue fin 2007 - début 2008, les dettes souveraines des États européens ont très largement augmenté. Dès lors, la possibilité d'amorcer une stabilisation voire une réduction du ratio de dette est devenu un enjeu crucial pour les prochaines années afin de garantir la soutenabilité des finances publiques et le respect des traités européens. Dans ce contexte, l'identification des politiques budgétaires permettant la contraction du ratio de dette constitue une problématique économique majeure, d'autant plus que cette réduction doit s'effectuer en période de faible croissance économique et que les politiques de consolidation mis en oeuvre en Europe n'ont pas toujours eu les effets escomptés. L'objet de cet article est d'expliquer pourquoi les politiques de consolidation peuvent échouer à réduire le ratio de dette publique à court terme et, plus généralement, d'évaluer la capacité des différents instruments de politique économique à réduire le ratio de dette à court terme. Au niveau méthodologique nous estimons, sur données françaises, un modèle non linéaire de type TVAR (Threshold VAR) incluant les principaux déterminants du ratio de dette publique : dépenses publiques, recettes publiques, PIB et l'indice des prix. La non-linéarité nous permet de prendre en compte la variabilité des multiplicateurs au cours du cycle économique en distinguant les périodes de récession et les périodes d'expansion économique. Nous associons ce modèle à l'équation comptable régissant la dynamique du ratio de dette nous permettant "d'exporter" l'effet d'un choc d'une variable endogène sur le ratio de dette publique. Nous montrons alors qu'une réduction des dépenses publiques peut engendrer, à court terme, une hausse du ratio de dette publique et que cet effet est significativement plus important en période de récession. Au contraire, une augmentation des recettes publiques conduit à une baisse du ratio de dette publique à court terme et cela quelque soit le régime considéré.

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  • Benjamin Egron, 2018. "Réduction du ratio de dette publique : quels instruments pour quels effets ?," Working Papers hal-04141802, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04141802
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04141802
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    References listed on IDEAS

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