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Les systèmes agroalimentaires en Afrique

Author

Listed:
  • Gaëlle Balineau

    (AFD - Agence française de développement)

  • Arthur Bauer

    (ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Groupe ENSAE-ENSAI - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris)

  • Martin Kessler
  • Nicole Madariaga

    (AFD - Agence française de développement)

Abstract

L'alimentation des villes en Afrique évolue sous le triple effet de la croissance démographique, de l'urbanisation et des transformations de la production agricole et des échanges commerciaux. Ces changements créent des risques : les villes en Afrique sont confrontées de manière croissante aux défis de la sous-nutrition et de la malnutrition. Mais ils engendrent aussi de nouvelles opportunités : l'économie alimentaire est la première source d'emploi du continent et le restera dans un avenir proche, à la fois pour assurer la production agricole, la transformation agro-alimentaire et la distribution des produits. Au centre de cette économie se tiennent les intermédiaires de marché, qui font le lien entre producteurs et consommateurs, et dont l'inefficacité explique qu'environ un tiers de la production s'évapore en pertes alimentaires. Cet ouvrage analyse en profondeur les lacunes majeures de ces systèmes de distribution alimentaire, en se basant sur le cas de trois villes : Rabat, Niamey et Abidjan. Il s'appuie sur des enquêtes de terrain quantitatives et qualitatives, mais aussi sur des analyses d'économie géographique et de sociologie des institutions politiques. Il montre l'importance des infrastructures « dures » : celles de transport et de stockage mais également les équipements de marché, qu'ils soient de gros ou de détail. Il s'attache aussi à décrire le contexte institutionnel dans lequel s'insère l'échange marchand : confiance interpersonnelle, réseaux de distribution, climat des affaires. Enfin, il montre que l'intervention politique est souvent freinée par la diversité des acteurs au mandat flou et aux moyens limités : ministère du Commerce et celui de l'Agriculture, autorités régionales et urbaines pour aller jusqu'aux conseils de quartiers et aux coopératives marchandes. Sa conclusion est simple : l'approvisionnement alimentaire est un sujet complexe mais central qui a trop longtemps été négligé par la politique de développement international, sujet qu'il est essentiel de réinvestir.

Suggested Citation

  • Gaëlle Balineau & Arthur Bauer & Martin Kessler & Nicole Madariaga, 2020. "Les systèmes agroalimentaires en Afrique," Post-Print hal-05366046, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05366046
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05366046v1
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