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Desempeño escolar y elección de colegios: La experiencia chilena

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  • Alejandra Mizala

  • Pilar Romaguera

Abstract

Hoy en día existe una creciente preocupación sobre el tema de la calidad de la educación, derivada en parte del reconocimiento de sus efectos sobre la distribución del ingreso y el crecimiento económico. Sin embargo, la experiencia nos señala que este desafío es complejo. Tanto los países en desarrollo como los países desarrollados han, por una parte, gastado una creciente cantidad de recursos y, por otra, implementado diversas reformas con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la educación; muchas veces los resultados no han estado de acuerdo a lo esperado. Chile ha sido uno de los países que ha introducido reformas novedosas en el sistema educativo: descentralización, subsidios a la demanda y elección de colegios como estímulo a la competencia, evaluaciones estandarizadas como la prueba SIMCE, programas especiales (como el MECE), programas de apoyo focalizado a las escuelas más pobres (P-900), entre otras medidas. Una de las reformas más interesantes ha sido la introducción de un sistema de subvenciones escolares (similares a un voucher) y la entrada de agentes privados en la provisión de servicios educativos gratuitos. Chile, en la práctica, ha implementado una de las reformas más discutidas a nivel internacional, como lo demuestra la extensa discusión sobre las políticas de elección de colegios (choice). El propósito de este trabajo es examinar la experiencia chilena focalizándose, por una parte, en las reformas que buscan emular o crear mecanismos de mercado como forma de incentivar la calidad del proceso educativo, y por otra, en el análisis del rendimiento escolar de los establecimientos educacionales según su tipo de dependencia.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandra Mizala & Pilar Romaguera, 1998. "Desempeño escolar y elección de colegios: La experiencia chilena," Documentos de Trabajo 36, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
    • Handle: RePEc:edj:ceauch:36
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Marcela Rom‡n & Marcela Perticar‡, 2012. "Student mobility in low quality schools: Segmentation among the most vulnerable students," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 39(2 Year 20), pages 159-177, December.
    2. Chang-Tai Hsieh & Miguel Urquiola, 2002. "When Schools Compete, How Do They Compete? An Assessment of Chile's Nationwide School Voucher Program," Working Papers 123, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    3. Andrea Tokman R, 2005. "Diagnosis and Proposals for Chilean Education," Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), Central Bank of Chile, vol. 8(1), pages 35-52, April.
    4. Chang-Tai Hsieh & Miguel Urquiola, 2002. "When Schools Compete, How Do They Compete? An Assessment of Chile's Nationwide School Voucher Program," Working Papers 123, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    5. Jairo N√∫nez & Roberto Steiner & Ximena Cadena & Renata Pardo, 2002. "¬Øcu√Åles Colegios Ofrecen Mejor Educaci√Ìn En Colombia?," Documentos CEDE 3796, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    6. Cristian Aedo & Claudio Sapelli, "undated". "El Sistema De Vouchers En La Educación: Una Revisión De La Teoría Y La Evidencia Empírica Para Chile," ILADES-UAH Working Papers inv133, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business.
    7. Carlson, Beverley A., 2000. "What schools teach us about educating poor children in Chile?," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
    8. Ângela Albernaz & Francisco H. G. Ferreira & Creso Franco, 2002. "Qualidade e eqüidade na educação fundamental brasileira," Textos para discussão 455, Department of Economics PUC-Rio (Brazil).
    9. Gauri, Varun & Vawda, Ayesha, 2003. "Vouchers for basic education in developing countries : a principal-agent perspective," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3005, The World Bank.
    10. Rómulo A. Chumacero & Juan Gallegos Mardones & Ricardo D. Paredes, 2016. "Competition Pressures and Academic Performance in Chile," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 43(2 Year 20), pages 217-232, December.
    11. Francisco Gallego, 2002. "Competencia y Resultados Educativos: Teoría y Evidencia para Chile," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 39(118), pages 309-352.
    12. Ricardo Paredes & Rómulo Chumacero & Juan Gallegos, 2012. "Competition Pressures and Academic Performance in a Generalized Vouchers Context," EcoMod2012 4184, EcoMod.
    13. Herrera Gómez, Marcos, 2006. "Efecto de la Competencia de la Educación Privada sobre la Calidad de la Educación Pública [Effect of Private Education Competition on the Quality of Public Education]," MPRA Paper 30772, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Andrea Tokman, 2004. "Education and Economic Growth in Chile," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 289, Central Bank of Chile.

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