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Measurement and Determinants of Access to Loans

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  • Christa Hainz
  • Tatjana Nabokin

Abstract

Measuring and identifying financial constraints represents an important challenge in empirical studies. Due to data limitations perception-based indicators or approximations of access to finance by the usage of finance are often used, disregarding firm-specific differences in the demand for external finance. Using unique firm-level survey data, which provide information on a firm’s credit demand, we develop a direct measurement for access to credit and provide for the first time an empirical evaluation of these methods. We find that information on the usage of credit is not sufficient to identify financially constrained firms, while perception based indicators are surprisingly precise. The paper concludes by presenting recommendations for future survey design.

Suggested Citation

  • Christa Hainz & Tatjana Nabokin, 2013. "Measurement and Determinants of Access to Loans," CESifo Working Paper Series 4190, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_4190
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    Cited by:

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    2. Thorsten Beck & Hans Degryse & Ralph De Haas & Neeltje van Horen, 2014. "When arm’s length is too far: relationship banking over the business cycle," Working Papers 169, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.
    3. Herry Achmad Buchory, 2020. "Anomalies of Banking Intermediation and Profit Growth (Study on the 10 Largest Banks in Indonesia)," GATR Journals jfbr168, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise.
    4. Katharina Eck & Martina Engemann & Monika Schnitzer, 2015. "How trade credits foster exporting," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 151(1), pages 73-101, February.
    5. Degryse, Hans & De Haas, Ralph & Beck, Thorsten & van Horen, Neeltje, 2014. "When Arm?s Length Is Too Far. Relationship Banking over the Business Cycle," CEPR Discussion Papers 10050, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Herrala, Risto, 2014. "Forward-looking reaction to bank regulation," Working Paper Series 1645, European Central Bank.
    7. F. Guinouard. & E. Kremp. & M. Randriamisaina., 2013. "Access to credit of SMEs and MTEs: decline in supply or lower demand? Lessons learned from a new quarterly business survey," Quarterly selection of articles - Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 30, pages 21-33, Summer.
    8. Shusen Qi & Steven Ongena, 2019. "Will Money Talk? Firm Bribery and Credit Access," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 48(1), pages 117-157, March.
    9. Apostolos Thomadakis, 2015. "Determinants of Credit Constrained Firms: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe Region," Bank of Lithuania Working Paper Series 22, Bank of Lithuania.
    10. Wiegand, Manuel, 2015. "Friendship and money, oil and water? Credit constraints and "Family and Friends" finance," VfS Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development - Theory and Policy 112965, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    11. Shusen Qi & Steven Ongena, 2020. "Fuel the Engine: Bank Credit and Firm Innovation," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 57(2), pages 115-147, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    access to finance; usage of finance; credit demand; perceived access to finance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

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