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El proceso de integracion europeo: ¿una historia de desigualdad?

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  • Ana Mar Bueno-Cardona

    (Universitat de Valencia)

Abstract

En las ultimas decadas, la Union Europea ha experimentado dos procesos de integracion economica: uno internacional, relacionado con la globalizacion comercial y financiera, y otro europeo, con la consolidacion de las cuatro libertades europeas (libre circulación de mercancías, servicios, capitales y personas) y la creacion de una moneda unica, el euro. En este contexto, tambien se han producido dos perturbaciones relacionadas con ambos procesos de integracion: la incorporacion de China y Europa del Este al mercado mundial. Este articulo analiza como todos estos cambios, junto con otros fenomenos importantes como el cambio tecnologico, han condicionado la evolucion de la desigualdad de ingresos entre las personas. Para medir la desigualdad se han utilizado distintos indicadores a nivel ex ante y ex post, asi como tres principales fuentes: WID (World Inequality Database), LIS (Luxembourg Income Study) y SWIID (Standarized World Income Inequality Database). Mediante un ejercicio econometrico macroeconomico para 14 paises europeos entre 1986 y 2015, hemos constatado que el proceso de integracion entre ellos ha contribuido a reducir la desigualdad. Sin embargo, la incorporacion de los paises de Europa del Este se asocia con un aumento. Tambien hemos encontrado que la integracion con China y el cambio tecnologico son dos de los principales determinantes del aumento de la desigualdad, asi como el impacto limitado de los factores compensatorios.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Mar Bueno-Cardona, 2026. "El proceso de integracion europeo: ¿una historia de desigualdad?," Documentos de Trabajo EH-Valencia (DT-EHV) 2601, Economic History group at the Universitat de Valencia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bci:wpaper:2601
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