IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2602.03874.html

ASRI: An Aggregated Systemic Risk Index for Cryptocurrency Markets

Author

Listed:
  • Murad Farzulla
  • Andrew Maksakov

Abstract

We introduce the Aggregated Systemic Risk Index (ASRI), comprising four weighted sub-indices: Stablecoin Concentration Risk (30%), DeFi Liquidity Risk (25%), Contagion Risk (25%), and Regulatory Opacity Risk (20%). Using data from DeFi Llama, Federal Reserve FRED, and on-chain analytics, we validate against four historical crises (Terra/Luna, Celsius/3AC, FTX, SVB). Event study analysis detects significant abnormal signals for all four (t-statistics 5.47-32.64, p 97% persistence; structural stability tests pass (Chow p = 0.993). Benchmarking against Diebold-Yilmaz connectedness shows equivalent detection (75%) with higher precision (33.5% vs. 22.4%). Out-of-sample specificity testing on 2024-2025 data confirms zero false positives, correctly classifying the $1.5B Bybit hack as non-systemic. ASRI captures DeFi-specific vulnerabilities -- composability risk, flash loan exposure, and tokenized RWA linkages -- that SRISK and CoVaR cannot accommodate.

Suggested Citation

  • Murad Farzulla & Andrew Maksakov, 2026. "ASRI: An Aggregated Systemic Risk Index for Cryptocurrency Markets," Papers 2602.03874, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2026.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2602.03874
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.03874
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christian Brownlees & Robert F. Engle, 2017. "SRISK: A Conditional Capital Shortfall Measure of Systemic Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(1), pages 48-79.
    2. Michael Darlin & Georgios Palaiokrassas & Leandros Tassiulas, 2022. "Debt-Financed Collateral and Stability Risks in the DeFi Ecosystem," Papers 2204.11107, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2022.
    3. Reinhart, Carmen & Rogoff, Kenneth, 2009. "This Time It’s Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly-Chapter 1," MPRA Paper 17452, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Bednar, Jenna & del Rio-Chanona, Maria & Farmer, J. Doyne & Kaszowska-Mojsa, Jagoda & Lafond, François & Mealy, Penny & Pangallo, Marco & Pichler, Anton, 2025. "Complex systems approaches to 21st century challenges: Introduction to the Special Issue," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    5. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    6. A. Craig MacKinlay, 1997. "Event Studies in Economics and Finance," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 35(1), pages 13-39, March.
    7. Tomaso Aste, 2019. "Cryptocurrency market structure: connecting emotions and economics," Papers 1903.00472, arXiv.org.
    8. repec:rnp:ecopol:09111 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    10. Claudio Borio & Mathias Drehmann, 2009. "Assessing the risk of banking crises - revisited," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    11. Vidal-Tomás, David & Briola, Antonio & Aste, Tomaso, 2023. "FTX's downfall and Binance's consolidation: the fragility of centralised digital finance," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 119902, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    12. Viral V. Acharya & Lasse H. Pedersen & Thomas Philippon & Matthew Richardson, 2017. "Measuring Systemic Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(1), pages 2-47.
    13. David Vidal-Tom'as & Antonio Briola & Tomaso Aste, 2023. "FTX's downfall and Binance's consolidation: The fragility of centralised digital finance," Papers 2302.11371, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    14. Nikolaos Antonakakis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou & David Gabauer, 2020. "Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, April.
    15. Tomaso Aste, 2019. "Cryptocurrency market structure: connecting emotions and economics," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 1(1), pages 5-21, November.
    16. Vidal-Tomás, David & Aste, Tomaso, 2025. "Integration or separation? Examining the dynamic relationship between crypto and traditional finance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 86(PG).
    17. Daniel Perez & Sam M. Werner & Jiahua Xu & Benjamin Livshits, 2020. "Liquidations: DeFi on a Knife-edge," Papers 2009.13235, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2021.
    18. Reinhart, Carmen & Rogoff, Kenneth, 2009. "This Time It’s Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly-Preface," MPRA Paper 17451, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Sam M. Werner & Daniel Perez & Lewis Gudgeon & Ariah Klages-Mundt & Dominik Harz & William J. Knottenbelt, 2021. "SoK: Decentralized Finance (DeFi)," Papers 2101.08778, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
    20. Sabrina Aufiero & Silvia Bartolucci & Fabio Caccioli & Pierpaolo Vivo, 2025. "Mapping Microscopic and Systemic Risks in TradFi and DeFi: a literature review," Papers 2508.12007, arXiv.org.
    21. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    22. Papa Ousseynou Diop & Julien Chevallier & Bilel Sanhaji, 2024. "Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and USDC Depegging: A Machine Learning Experiment," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-22, December.
    23. Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2009. "Varieties of Crises and Their Dates," Introductory Chapters, in: This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, Princeton University Press.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ellis, Scott & Sharma, Satish & Brzeszczyński, Janusz, 2022. "Systemic risk measures and regulatory challenges," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    2. Sedunov, John, 2021. "Federal reserve intervention and systemic risk during financial crises," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    3. Arnold, Bruce & Borio, Claudio & Ellis, Luci & Moshirian, Fariborz, 2012. "Systemic risk, macroprudential policy frameworks, monitoring financial systems and the evolution of capital adequacy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3125-3132.
    4. Altunbas, Yener & Manganelli, Simone & Marques-Ibanez, David, 2017. "Realized bank risk during the great recession," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 29-44.
    5. Drakos, Anastassios A. & Kouretas, Georgios P., 2015. "Bank ownership, financial segments and the measurement of systemic risk: An application of CoVaR," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 127-140.
    6. Li, Yueshan & Chen, Shoudong & Goodell, John W. & Yue, Dianmin & Liu, Xutang, 2023. "Sectoral spillovers and systemic risks: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    7. Shi, Huai-Long & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2022. "Factor volatility spillover and its implications on factor premia," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    8. Cesa-Bianchi, Ambrogio & Eguren Martin, Fernando & Thwaites, Gregory, 2019. "Foreign booms, domestic busts: The global dimension of banking crises," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 58-74.
    9. Herradi, Mehdi El & Leroy, Aurélien, 2022. "The rich, poor, and middle class: Banking crises and income distribution," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    10. Christophe André, 2016. "Household debt in OECD countries: stylised facts and policy issues," Chapters from NBP Conference Publications, in: Hanna Augustyniak & Jacek Łaszek & Krzysztof Olszewski & Joanna Waszczuk (ed.), Papers presented during the Narodowy Bank Polski Workshop: Recent trends in the real estate market and its analysis - 2015 edition, chapter 2, pages v1, 33-85, Narodowy Bank Polski.
    11. Michael Brei & Claudio Borio & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2020. "Bank intermediation activity in a low‐interest‐rate environment," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 49(2), July.
    12. Bernal, Oscar & Gnabo, Jean-Yves & Guilmin, Grégory, 2014. "Assessing the contribution of banks, insurance and other financial services to systemic risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 270-287.
    13. Cevik, Emrah Ismail & Caliskan Terzioglu, Hande & Kilic, Yunus & Bugan, Mehmet Fatih & Dibooglu, Sel, 2024. "Interconnectedness and systemic risk: Evidence from global stock markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    14. Nong, Huifu & Yu, Ziliang & Li, Yang, 2024. "Financial shock transmission in China's banking and housing sectors: A network analysis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 701-723.
    15. Fulvio Corsi & Stefano Marmi & Fabrizio Lillo, 2016. "When Micro Prudence Increases Macro Risk: The Destabilizing Effects of Financial Innovation, Leverage, and Diversification," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 64(5), pages 1073-1088, October.
    16. de Haan, Jakob & Fang, Yi & Jing, Zhongbo, 2020. "Does the risk on banks’ balance sheets predict banking crises? New evidence for developing countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 254-268.
    17. Moratis, Georgios & Sakellaris, Plutarchos, 2021. "Measuring the systemic importance of banks," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    18. Mikael Juselius & Mathias Drehmann, 2015. "Leverage dynamics and the real burden of debt," BIS Working Papers 501, Bank for International Settlements.
    19. Foglia, Matteo & Addi, Abdelhamid & Angelini, Eliana, 2022. "The Eurozone banking sector in the time of COVID-19: Measuring volatility connectedness," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    20. Jannsen, Nils, 2019. "Hat die Fehlallokation von Produktionsfaktoren zur Produktivitätsschwäche in Deutschland beigetragen?," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 225298, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2602.03874. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.