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Prozessqualitäten in der WTO: Ein Vorschlag für die reliable Messung von moralischen Bedenken

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  • Sonntag, Winnie
  • Spiller, Achim

Abstract

Im Jahr 2014 hat das WTO-Schlichtungsgremium (Appellate Body) einen vielbeachteten Schiedsspruch zum Importverbot der EU für Robbenprodukte getätigt. Das verhängte Importverbot für Robbenprodukte wurde auf Grundlage des Art. XX (a) GATT grundsätzlich gerechtfertigt. Damit wurde erstmals der Schutz der öffentlichen Sittlichkeit als Begründung für eine tierschutzbezogene Handelsbeschränkung anerkannt. Diese Entscheidung eröffnet als Präzedenzfall Optionen für supranationale Maßnahmen für weitere Produkte, deren Herstellungsprozess auf moralische Bedenken der Gesellschaft trifft. Denkbar wären hier z. B. eine verpflichtende Kennzeichnung bzw. ein Importverbot für Produkte aus besonders tierwohlkritischen Produktionsformen. Allerdings bleibt in der Forschung bisher weitgehend unklar, wann eine Gefährdung der sittlichen Ordnung besteht. Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert deshalb die Frage, wie die moralischen Bedenken (moral concerns) einer Gesellschaft gemessen werden können. Hierzu wird eine Messmethode konzeptionell vorgestellt, die eine valide und reliable Messung der moralischen Bedenken einer Gesellschaft erlaubt. Das Ziel ist ein auf WTO-Ebene einsetzbares, wissenschaftlich fundiertes und vertrauenswürdiges Instrument (Scale) zur Messung des Besorgnisgrades von Gesellschaften in Bezug auf Tierschutzfragen zu entwickeln. In 2014, the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body accepted the EU import ban on seal products. The EU banned the importation and sale of seal products under the justification of Article XX (a) GATT. Thereby, the EU import ban is the first WTO case in which the Appellate Body accepted a trade restriction based on the moral concerns of EU citizens with regard to the inhuman killing of seals. This discussion may offer opportunities for mandatory labelling or import bans on other products from production systems which violate public ethical beliefs and morality. However, in recent research there is a lack of clarity in the determination of when public morality is seriously endangered and needs to be protected. Therefore, the present paper deals with the question of how to measure the moral concerns of a society in a valid and reliable manner. Although it is important to identify and verify if public morality is really compromised, it must also be ensured that this instrument is not just used as a form of protectionism. The paper introduces a measuring method which allows a reliable and valid measurement of public concern within a particular society. The objective of this work is to develop a trustworthy WTO-wide science-based tool (a scale) for the measurement of the degree of public concern with respect to animal welfare topics.

Suggested Citation

  • Sonntag, Winnie & Spiller, Achim, 2016. "Prozessqualitäten in der WTO: Ein Vorschlag für die reliable Messung von moralischen Bedenken," Department of Agricultural and Rural Development (DARE) Discussion Papers 260775, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development (DARE).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:gadadp:260775
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.260775
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    1. Sonntag, Winnie Isabel & Spiller, Achim, 2017. "Messung moralischer Besorgnis gegenüber Prozessstandards am Fallbeispiel der Käfighaltung von Legehennen - Skalenentwicklung und -validierung," 57th Annual Conference, Weihenstephan, Germany, September 13-15, 2017 261992, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    2. Schulze, Maureen & Risius, Antje & Spiller, Achim, 2018. "Heimliche Stallaufnahmen aus gesellschaftlicher Sicht im Wechselspiel zwischen Landwirtschaft, Tierschutzorganisationen und staatlichen Kontrollmechanismen," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 67(4), December.
    3. Winnie Isabel Sonntag & Achim Spiller, 2018. "Measuring Public Concerns? Developing a Moral Concerns Scale Regarding Non-Product Related Process and Production Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, April.

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