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Are Rural Egyptians Better Off? Trends in Inequality and Real Consumption Expenditure in Rural Egypt

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  • Heba E. Helmy

Abstract

This article uses three selected national household surveys conducted in Egypt in 1981/1982, 2004/2005, and 2015 to assess the evolution of rural consumption inequality and trends in real rural consumption expenditure at the beginning year of Mubarak’s era, his end years, and the post‐Mubarak era, respectively. After evaluating inequality using inequality measures, we construct two consumer price indices (CPIs), a general and a food CPI, for rural Egypt for the period 1981 till 2015 to evaluate rural real consumption. The article concludes that rural consumption inequality had slightly fallen from the beginning of the Mubarak era toward its end, but slightly rose again in the post‐Mubarak era. Despite the changes, estimates of rural inequality were moderate. Nevertheless, such moderate levels of inequality are expected to be higher if the new rural areas in reclaimed desert lands are accounted for separately in national surveys. The article also concludes that according to our CPI, real rural consumption expenditure had fallen in most expenditure brackets throughout the whole period, with the exception of some small‐sized brackets at the very top and very bottom ends of the consumption expenditure distribution. 本文选取分别在1981年2月、2004年5月、2015年进行的三次埃及全国家庭调查,以期评估乡村消费不平等进程、以及总统穆巴拉克当选第一年、任期最后几年、后穆巴拉克时期(卸任后时期)的实际乡村消费开支趋势。通过对不平等进行衡量,我们为1981年至2015年的乡村埃及建构了两种消费者价格指数(CPI),分别为一般CPI和粮食CPI,以评价乡村的实际消费。本文结论认为,从穆巴拉克时期的开始到结束,乡村消费不平等情况有所下降,但并不明显,同时在后穆巴拉克时期又有所上升。尽管存在这些变化,但乡村不平等预测情况适中。尽管如此,如果全国调查分别把从沙漠荒地开垦出的新乡村地区计算在内的话,这种适中的不平等情况预期会更高。结论还认为,根据CPI,尽管部分小型开支等级处于消费开支分布的首尾,但实际的乡村消费开支在整个时期都已进入绝大多数的开支等级。 Este documento utiliza tres encuestas nacionales de hogares seleccionadas realizadas en Egipto en 1981/2, 2004/5 y 2015 para evaluar la evolución de la desigualdad del consumo rural y las tendencias en el gasto real de consumo rural al comienzo del año de la era de Mubarak, sus últimos años y la era post‐Mubarak respectivamente. Después de evaluar la desigualdad utilizando medidas de desigualdad, construimos dos IPC, un IPC general y uno alimentario, para el Egipto rural en el período de 1981 a 2015 para evaluar el consumo real rural. El documento concluye que la desigualdad en el consumo rural había disminuido ligeramente desde el comienzo de la era de Mubarak hacia su final, pero aumentó ligeramente nuevamente en la era posterior a Mubarak. A pesar de los cambios, las estimaciones de la desigualdad rural fueron moderadas. Sin embargo, se espera que dichos niveles moderados de desigualdad sean más altos si las nuevas áreas rurales en las tierras desérticas recuperadas se contabilizan por separado en las encuestas nacionales. El documento también concluye que, de acuerdo con nuestro IPC, el gasto real de consumo rural había caído en la mayoría de los tramos de gasto durante todo el período, con la excepción de algunos tramos de pequeño tamaño en los extremos superior e inferior de la distribución del gasto de consumo.

Suggested Citation

  • Heba E. Helmy, 2019. "Are Rural Egyptians Better Off? Trends in Inequality and Real Consumption Expenditure in Rural Egypt," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(3), pages 238-264, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:238-264
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.252
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    References listed on IDEAS

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