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Commercial‐to‐residential land‐use conversion and residential recentralization in large cities

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  • Hangtian Xu

Abstract

I examine the long‐term impact of a real estate bubble on the land‐use patterns of Tokyo and Osaka from 1980 to 2003 and find that fluctuations in land prices reflected changing demand for commercial land relative to that for residential land, which, in turn, affected housing supply and residential location choices. During the real estate bubble, land developers favored commercial over residential development because the perceived productive value of commercial land increased sharply. Thus, daytime population in central cities increased and residential population fell. During the economic downturn, however, the demand for commercial space fell, houses were favored by land developers and residents were recentralized. My causal estimates show that the commercial‐to‐residential land‐use conversion can explain approximately 9% to 16% of the housing starts after the bubble burst in Tokyo and Osaka, and their populations would have been reduced by 2% to 3% otherwise. The effect is more prominent in their central business districts. My findings provide a novel explanation for the recent changes in central neighbourhoods. Conversion de l'utilisation des terrains de commerciale à résidentielle et recentralisation résidentielle dans les grandes villes. Nous examinons l'incidence à long terme d'une bulle immobilière sur les schémas d'utilisation des terrains à Tokyo et à Osaka entre 1980 et 2003 et nous constatons que les fluctuations des prix des terrains reflétaient la modification de la demande pour les terrains commerciaux par rapport à celle pour les terrains résidentiels, qui, à son tour, avait une incidence sur l'offre de logements et les choix de lieux de résidence. Pendant la bulle immobilière, les promoteurs immobiliers ont favorisé le développement commercial aux dépens des ensembles résidentiels, car la valeur productive perçue des terrains commerciaux grimpait fortement. Par conséquent, la population diurne des villes centrales a augmenté et la population résidentielle a chuté. Cependant, pendant le ralentissement économique, la demande de locaux commerciaux a diminué, les logements ont été favorisés par les promoteurs immobiliers et les résidents ont été recentralisés. Nos estimations des causes montrent que la conversion de l'utilisation des terrains de commerciale à résidentielle peut expliquer environ 9 à 16 % des mises en chantier résidentielles après l'éclatement de la bulle à Tokyo et à Osaka, villes dont la population aurait diminué de 2 à 3 % autrement. L'effet est plus proéminent dans les quartiers commerciaux centraux. Nos constatations fournissent une nouvelle explication des récents changements dans les quartiers centraux.

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  • Hangtian Xu, 2023. "Commercial‐to‐residential land‐use conversion and residential recentralization in large cities," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(1), pages 306-338, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:56:y:2023:i:1:p:306-338
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12631
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