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The dynamics of immigrant participation in entitlement programs: evidence from Canada, 1993–2007

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  • Yuri Ostrovsky

Abstract

Using uniquely rich Canadian administrative data from the 1993–2007 period, I find no evidence of rising Employment Insurance (EI) participation across recent‐immigrant cohorts and no evidence of rising EI participation with number of years spent in Canada beyond the short period following entrance into the Canadian labour market. I also find little evidence of the rising immigrant participation in Social Assistance (SA), either across recent arrival cohorts or with years in Canada. The results do not appear to be seriously affected by emigration and attrition within each immigrant cohort. While the immigrant participation in traditional ‘welfare’ programs such as Social Assistance has generally declined from 1993 to 2007, I show that Canada Child Tax Benefit and other federal and provincial programs aimed at providing financial assistance to families with children have become a major source of transfer income to immigrant families. A l’aide de données administratives canadiennes particulièrement riches pour la période 1993–2007, on découvre qu’il n’y a pas d’évidence de participation plus élevée au programme d’Assurance Emploi (AE) d’une cohorte d’immigrants récents à l’autre dans le temps, non plus que d’évidence de participation accrue à l’AE des immigrants récents avec le nombre d’années passées au Canada, si ce n’est pour la courte période qui suit l’entrée dans le marché du travail canadien. On ne trouve que peu de support pour l’hypothèse de participation accrue à l’Assistance Sociale (AS) tant d’une cohorte à la suivante qu’avec le nombre d’années passées au Canada. Ces résultats ne semblent pas affectés par l’émigration ou l’attrition à l’intérieur de chaque cohorte. Alors que la participation des immigrants aux programmes de bien‐être traditionnels comme l’Assistance Sociale ont généralement décliné entre 1993 et 2007, on montre que la prestation fiscale canadienne pour enfants et autres programmes fédéraux et provinciaux visant à fournir de l’assistance financière aux familles avec enfants sont devenus une source majeure de revenus de transfert pour les familles d’immigrants.

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  • Yuri Ostrovsky, 2012. "The dynamics of immigrant participation in entitlement programs: evidence from Canada, 1993–2007," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(1), pages 107-136, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:107-136
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5982.2011.01689.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Anthony Edo & Lionel Ragot & Hillel Rapoport & Sulin Sardoschau & Andreas Steinmayr & Arthur Sweetman, 2020. "An introduction to the economics of immigration in OECD countries," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(4), pages 1365-1403, November.
    2. Peter Dungan & Tony Fang & Morley Gunderson, 2013. "Macroeconomic Impacts of C anadian Immigration: Results from a Macro Model," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 51(1), pages 174-195, March.
    3. David A. Green & Christopher Worswick, 2017. "Canadian economics research on immigration through the lens of theories of justice," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(5), pages 1262-1303, December.
    4. Haozhen Zhang & Jianwei Zhong & Cédric de Chardon, 2020. "Immigrants’ net direct fiscal contribution: How does it change over their lifetime?," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(4), pages 1642-1662, November.
    5. Eva Moreno-Galbis, 2020. "Minimum wage and immigrants' participation in the welfare system: evidence from France," AMSE Working Papers 2020, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
    6. Manish Pandey & James Townsend, 2017. "Prior host-country work experience and immigrant labor market outcomes: evidence from Canada," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 6(1), pages 1-22, December.
    7. Vikhrov Dmytro, 2013. "Welfare Effects of Labor Migration," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp491, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • J65 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being

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