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Factors affecting card payment levels in Germany: Longitudinal research

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  • Seda Yılmaz

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the role of macroeconomic indicators on card payments in Germany. The study utilized the parameters of the data provided for Germany by the World Bank Country Reports between 2000 and 2023, as well as the total card payments data from the ECB Data portal. According to the results obtained in the study, both GDP, price index and GINI coefficients positively and significantly affected card payments. Bank loans and production value added, on the other hand, had a decreasing effect on payments. Multivariate analysis revealed a positive relationship between GDP and card payments only. Although many variables may influence these results, the reflection of economic activities is generally significant. According to the results obtained, although the effect of all macroeconomic indicators is statistically significant in the univariate dimension, only GDP was found to have a positive and substantial contribution to card payments in the multivariate analysis. Â

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  • Seda Yılmaz, 2025. "Factors affecting card payment levels in Germany: Longitudinal research," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 15(5), pages 1-2.
    • Handle: RePEc:spt:admaec:v:15:y:2025:i:5:f:15_5_2
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