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Assessing the Impacts of Eco-innovations, Economic Growth, Urbanization on Ecological Footprints in G-11: Exploring the Sustainable Development Policy Options

Author

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  • Usman Mehmood

    (Bahçeşehir Cyprus University
    University of the Punjab)

Abstract

G-11 countries are getting rapid economic growth with unsustainable eco-system. Despite the commitments, these countries remain unable to improve their environment from degradation. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the effects of eco-innovations (ECO), sub-indices of globalization, economic growth (GDP), and urbanization (URB) on ecological footprints (EF). The annual data of 1990–2020 is utilized to apply the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag approach and validates the environmental Kuznets curve in the group of eleven nations (G-11). URB and GDP are not environmentally friendly. Economic globalization (EC), social globalization (SG), and political globalization (PG) are suitable for these countries. The interactional term of urbanization and eco-innovations is environmentally friendly. These findings present some important policy implications for G-11 countries. By integrating eco-innovations and urbanization processes with enhanced research and development expenditures, these countries can grow sustainably.

Suggested Citation

  • Usman Mehmood, 2024. "Assessing the Impacts of Eco-innovations, Economic Growth, Urbanization on Ecological Footprints in G-11: Exploring the Sustainable Development Policy Options," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(4), pages 16849-16867, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jknowl:v:15:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1007_s13132-024-01759-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s13132-024-01759-6
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