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Asymmetric variations in economic globalization, CO2 emissions, oil prices, and economic growth: a nonlinear analysis for policy empirics

Author

Listed:
  • Nabila Khurshid

    (Comsats University)

  • Nabila Akram

    (Comsats University)

  • Gulnaz Hameed

    (PMAS Arid Agriculture)

Abstract

Pakistan's economic development and budgetary resilience are greatly influenced by globalization, CO2 emissions, and oil prices, necessitating a deep understanding of these factors. This study aims to investigate how factors like carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), oil prices, and economic globalization have affected economic growth in Pakistan from 1980 to 2021. This study uses the nonlinear autoregressive distributional lag approach to examine how asymmetric effects of economic globalization, oil prices, and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) have affected Pakistan's economic growth. Further, the direction of these relationships is determined using Granger causality tests, and the model stability is evaluated by CUSUM and CUSUMQ tests. The results show that GDP is impacted inequitably by economic globalization, oil costs, and CO2 emissions. Oil price increases have a considerable beneficial effect on GDP, whereas growing CO2 emissions have the opposite effect. GDP and economic globalization are strongly correlated, and as globalization declines, economic production suffers. Based on the results, it is recommended that Pakistan's government should develop strategies to adapt to globalization's changing conditions, including renewable energy, deforestation control, and population planning for long-term climate change solutions. Graphical Abstract

Suggested Citation

  • Nabila Khurshid & Nabila Akram & Gulnaz Hameed, 2025. "Asymmetric variations in economic globalization, CO2 emissions, oil prices, and economic growth: a nonlinear analysis for policy empirics," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(5), pages 11419-11447, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:27:y:2025:i:5:d:10.1007_s10668-023-04364-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-04364-w
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