IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/endesu/v25y2023i9d10.1007_s10668-022-02488-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Understanding Multi-stakeholder Complexity & Developing a Causal Recipe (fsQCA) for achieving Sustainable Ecotourism

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmad Salman

    (University Sains Malaysia/Sustainable Business Research Cluster, Sunway University)

  • Mastura Jaafar

    (University Sains Malaysia)

  • Diana Mohamad

    (University Sains Malaysia)

  • Mana Khoshkam

    (Islamic Azad University)

Abstract

Ecotourism offers several economic, environmental, and cultural benefits; however, even after all these years, achieving ecotourism sustainability is still complex because of multiple stakeholders with diversified interests and influence. This study focused on the multiple stakeholders' complexity and management for achieving sustainable ecotourism in Penang Hill in Malaysia. Understanding the existence of multiple stakeholders with varying interests and their respective power of influence is critical for a tourism destination to be sustainable. This study aimed to create a multi-stakeholder management framework and understand stakeholder management's mediating role toward ecotourism sustainability in Penang Hill. Data were collected from Penang Hill key stakeholders and analyzed using SmartPLS and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The findings revealed that stakeholder management plays a significant mediating role in achieving ecotourism sustainability. Stakeholders’ interests and their level of influence should be understood to develop engagement, empowerment, and monitoring strategies for managing stakeholders. Thus, the study contributes by validating the results through symmetric and asymmetric techniques, offering solutions to the emerging issues during the Covid-19 pandemic, and recommending policy changes. Lastly, the study also extends prior literature by displaying the mediating role played by stakeholder management on ecotourism sustainability, comparing indirect and total effects on stakeholder management support for achieving sustainable ecotourism in Penang Hill.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad Salman & Mastura Jaafar & Diana Mohamad & Mana Khoshkam, 2023. "Understanding Multi-stakeholder Complexity & Developing a Causal Recipe (fsQCA) for achieving Sustainable Ecotourism," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(9), pages 10261-10284, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:9:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02488-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02488-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10668-022-02488-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10668-022-02488-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Derek Walker & Lynda Margaret Bourne & Arthur Shelley, 2008. "Influence, stakeholder mapping and visualization," Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(6), pages 645-658.
    2. Dunham, Laura & Freeman, R. Edward & Liedtka, Jeanne, 2006. "Enhancing Stakeholder Practice: A Particularized Exploration of Community," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 16(1), pages 23-42, January.
    3. Olimjon Saidmamatov & Umidjon Matyakubov & Inna Rudenko & Viachaslau Filimonau & Jonathon Day & Tobias Luthe, 2020. "Employing Ecotourism Opportunities for Sustainability in the Aral Sea Region: Prospects and Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Emad Kenawy & Taher Osman & Aref Alshamndy, 2017. "What Are the Main Challenges Impeding Implementation of the Spatial Plans in Egypt Using Ecotourism Development as an Example?," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Richard Butler, 2018. "Sustainable Tourism in Sensitive Environments: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-11, May.
    6. Osman, Taher & Shaw, David & Kenawy, Emad, 2018. "Examining the extent to which stakeholder collaboration during ecotourism planning processes could be applied within an Egyptian context," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 126-137.
    7. Coria, Jessica & Calfucura, Enrique, 2012. "Ecotourism and the development of indigenous communities: The good, the bad, and the ugly," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 47-55.
    8. Berardi, Umberto, 2013. "Stakeholders’ influence on the adoption of energy-saving technologies in Italian homes," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 520-530.
    9. Waligo, Victoria M. & Clarke, Jackie & Hawkins, Rebecca, 2013. "Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 342-353.
    10. Lyon, Andrew & Hunter-Jones, Philippa & Warnaby, Gary, 2017. "Are we any closer to sustainable development? Listening to active stakeholder discourses of tourism development in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, South Africa," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 234-247.
    11. Xinshu Zhao & John G. Lynch & Qimei Chen, 2010. "Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 37(2), pages 197-206, August.
    12. Olya, Hossein GT & Mehran, Javaneh, 2017. "Modelling tourism expenditure using complexity theory," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 147-158.
    13. Phillips, Robert A., 1997. "Stakeholder Theory and A Principle of Fairness," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(1), pages 51-66, January.
    14. Guido Noto & Lidia Noto, 2019. "Local Strategic Planning and Stakeholder Analysis: Suggesting a Dynamic Performance Management Approach," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 293-310, September.
    15. Clay M. Voorhees & Michael K. Brady & Roger Calantone & Edward Ramirez, 2016. "Discriminant validity testing in marketing: an analysis, causes for concern, and proposed remedies," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 119-134, January.
    16. Robert Newcombe, 2003. "From client to project stakeholders: a stakeholder mapping approach," Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(8), pages 841-848.
    17. Jae-hyuck Lee & Sung-hoon Kim & Hyuk-soo Kwon, 2017. "Mapping Interests by Stakeholders’ Subjectivities toward Ecotourism Resources: The Case of Seocheon-Gun, Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, January.
    18. Céspedes-Lorente, José & Burgos-Jiménez, Jerónimo de & Álvarez-Gil, Maria José, 2003. "Stakeholders' environmental influence. An empirical analysis in the Spanish hotel industry," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 333-358, September.
    19. Caterina Tantalo & Richard L. Priem, 2016. "Value creation through stakeholder synergy," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(2), pages 314-329, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Liliana Hawrysz & Jolanta Maj, 2017. "Identification of Stakeholders of Public Interest Organisations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Bhatt, Brijesh & Singh, Anoop, 2020. "Stakeholders’ role in distribution loss reduction technology adoption in the Indian electricity sector: An actor-oriented approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    3. Nguyen, Hang T. & Zhang, Yufei & Calantone, Roger J., 2018. "Brand portfolio coherence: Scale development and empirical demonstration," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 60-80.
    4. Berardi, Umberto, 2013. "Stakeholders’ influence on the adoption of energy-saving technologies in Italian homes," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 520-530.
    5. Jun-Hwa Cheah & Hiram Ting & T. Ramayah & Mumtaz Ali Memon & Tat-Huei Cham & Enrico Ciavolino, 2019. "A comparison of five reflective–formative estimation approaches: reconsideration and recommendations for tourism research," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 1421-1458, May.
    6. Dominick Werner & Martin Adam & Alexander Benlian, 2022. "Empowering users to control ads and its effects on website stickiness," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(3), pages 1373-1397, September.
    7. Wolter, Jeremy S. & Bacile, Todd J. & Smith, Jeffery S. & Giebelhausen, Michael, 2019. "The entitlement/forgiveness conflict of self-relevant and self-neutral relationships during service failure and recovery," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 233-246.
    8. Riyan Mohammed Sahahiri & Amy L. Griffin & Qian (Chayn) Sun, 2023. "Investigating Ecotourism Opportunities Measurements in a Complex Adaptive System: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    9. Lyon, Andrew & Hunter-Jones, Philippa & Warnaby, Gary, 2017. "Are we any closer to sustainable development? Listening to active stakeholder discourses of tourism development in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, South Africa," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 234-247.
    10. Anne Bridget Lane & Bree Devin, 2018. "Operationalizing Stakeholder Engagement in CSR: A Process Approach," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(3), pages 267-280, May.
    11. Ahmad Salman, 2020. "Exploring the Significance of Stakeholder Management in Ecotourism Implementation," GATR Journals gjbssr575, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise.
    12. Akram, Muhammad S. & Malhotra, Neeru & Goraya, M. Awais Shakir & Shareef, Mahmud A. & Malik, Aneela & Lal, Banita, 2022. "User engagement on global social networks: Examining the roles of perceived brand globalness, identification and global identity," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    13. Melissa Garber & Shahram Sarkani & Thomas Mazzuchi, 2017. "A Framework for Multiobjective Decision Management with Diverse Stakeholders," Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(4), pages 335-356, July.
    14. Tae Wan Kim & Alan Scheller-Wolf, 2019. "Technological Unemployment, Meaning in Life, Purpose of Business, and the Future of Stakeholders," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 319-337, December.
    15. Christian Eckert & Harald Pechlaner, 2019. "Alternative Product Development as Strategy Towards Sustainability in Tourism: The Case of Lanzarote," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-18, June.
    16. Mandeep Mahendru & Vibha Arora & Ravi Chatterjee & Gagan Deep Sharma & Irum Shahzadi, 2024. "From Over-Tourism to Under-Tourism via COVID-19: Lessons for Sustainable Tourism Management," Evaluation Review, , vol. 48(1), pages 177-210, February.
    17. Kaatz, Christopher & Brock, Christian & Figura, Lilli, 2019. "Are you still online or are you already mobile? – Predicting the path to successful conversions across different devices," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 10-21.
    18. Mohan, Mayoor & Voss, Kevin E. & Jiménez, Fernando R., 2017. "Managerial disposition and front-end innovation success," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 193-201.
    19. Mwesiumo, Deodat & Glavee-Geo, Richard & Olsen, Kjetil Magnus & Svenning, Geir Arne, 2021. "Improving public purchaser attitudes towards public procurement of innovations," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    20. Rik Pieters, 2017. "Meaningful Mediation Analysis: Plausible Causal Inference and Informative Communication," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 44(3), pages 692-716.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:9:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02488-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.