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Causal Inference in Panel Data With Application to Estimating Race-of-Interviewer Effects in the General Social Survey

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  • Weihua An
  • Christopher Winship

Abstract

In this article, we review popular parametric models for analyzing panel data and introduce the latest advances in matching methods for panel data analysis. To the extent that the parametric models and the matching methods offer distinct advantages for drawing causal inference, we suggest using both to cross-validate the evidence. We demonstrate how to use these methods by examining race-of-interviewer effects (ROIE) in the 2006 to 2010 panel data of the General Social Survey. We find that ROIE mostly concentrate on race-related outcomes and may vary by respondent’s race for some outcomes. But we find no statistically significant evidence that ROIE vary by the interview mode (i.e., in person vs. by phone). Our study has both methodological and substantive implications for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Weihua An & Christopher Winship, 2017. "Causal Inference in Panel Data With Application to Estimating Race-of-Interviewer Effects in the General Social Survey," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 46(1), pages 68-102, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:46:y:2017:i:1:p:68-102
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124115600614
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Rutar, Tibor & Rutar, Minea, 2025. "Liberalizing reforms do not cause suicide: Causal estimation using matching, 1980–2019," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 272-289.
    4. Michael Gebel & Stefanie Gundert, 2023. "Changes in Income Poverty Risks at the Transition from Unemployment to Employment: Comparing the Short-Term and Medium-Term Effects of Fixed-Term and Permanent Jobs," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 167(1), pages 507-533, June.
    5. Justin Callais & Andrew T. Young, 2021. "Does constitutional entrenchment matter for economic freedom?," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 39(4), pages 808-830, October.
    6. Grier, Robin & Young, Andrew T. & Grier, Kevin, 2022. "The causal effects of rule of law & property rights on fiscal capacity," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    7. Grier, Kevin B. & Grier, Robin M., 2021. "The Washington consensus works: Causal effects of reform, 1970-2015," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 59-72.
    8. Callais, Justin & Harris, Colin & Borchard, Ben, 2022. "The moral costs of markets: Testing the deterioration hypothesis," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 200-220.
    9. Jamie Bologna Pavlik & Maria Tackett, 2022. "The Effect of Presidential Particularism on Economic Well-Being: A County-Level Analysis," Public Finance Review, , vol. 50(2), pages 135-168, March.
    10. Callais, Justin, 2022. "Free to Grow? A Matching Methods Analysis of Economic Freedom in the United States," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 52(01), December.
    11. Rutar, Tibor, 2025. "Do large, sustained economic freedom reforms hurt or improve women's economic rights?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).

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