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False Start? An Analysis of NFL Penalties With and Without Crowds

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  • Alex Farnell

Abstract

The lack of crowds at sports fixtures as a result of COVID-19 restrictions has allowed researchers a unique opportunity to examine the widely accepted convention of home advantage. This work takes a slightly different approach, by examining within game outcomes. Specifically using play-by-play data from the NFL, this paper asks whether the lack of crowds aided a Quarterback's ability to manipulate opposition defenses. Results suggest this was the case, though effects are not uniform by home and away team.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex Farnell, 2023. "False Start? An Analysis of NFL Penalties With and Without Crowds," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 24(6), pages 695-716, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jospec:v:24:y:2023:i:6:p:695-716
    DOI: 10.1177/15270025221148997
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    NFL; penalties; crowds;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Z20 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics - - - General
    • Z21 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics - - - Industry Studies

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