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Agglomeration and firm performance: One firm’s medicine is another firm’s poison

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  • J Knoben
  • AT Arikan
  • F van Oort
  • O Raspe

Abstract

In this paper, we aim to reduce the ambiguity surrounding the agglomeration–performance relationship. We do so by taking firm-level and agglomeration-level heterogeneity into account simultaneously and focusing on the interactions between these two levels of analysis in explaining the effect of agglomeration on firm performance. Our central argument is that while some firms will benefit from agglomeration, others will be harmed by it. To assess our claims, we estimate multilevel models on firms’ productivity with nonlinear interaction effects between the agglomeration-level (urbanization, specialization, and knowledge intensity) and firm-level variables (size, internal knowledge base, and face-to-face contacts) using data from a sample of Dutch firms. Our results show that the effects of different dimensions of agglomeration on firm performance are strongly and nonlinearly moderated by firm characteristics. Moreover, the moderation effect is not uniform across the different agglomeration dimensions.

Suggested Citation

  • J Knoben & AT Arikan & F van Oort & O Raspe, 2016. "Agglomeration and firm performance: One firm’s medicine is another firm’s poison," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 48(1), pages 132-153, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:48:y:2016:i:1:p:132-153
    DOI: 10.1177/0308518X15602898
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    3. Pindado, Emilio & Sánchez, Mercedes & García Martínez, Marian, 2023. "Entrepreneurial innovativeness: When too little or too much agglomeration hurts," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(1).
    4. Hundt, Christian & Holtermann, Linus & Steeger, Jonas & Bersch, Johannes, 2019. "Cluster externalities, firm capabilities, and the recessionary shock: How the macro-to-micro-transition shapes firm performance during stable times and times of crisis," ZEW Discussion Papers 19-008, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    5. Claver-Cortés, Enrique & Marco-Lajara, Bartolome & Manresa-Marhuenda, Encarnación & García-Lillo, F. & Seva-Larrosa, Pedro, 2017. "Location Decisions and Agglomeration Economies: Domestic and Foreign Companies," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 39, pages 99-135.
    6. Mohamed Amara, 2023. "Agglomeration and firm performance in times of economic turmoil: Evidence from Tunisian firm‐level data," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(2), pages 446-481, June.
    7. Hoang, Manh Cuong & Schiller, Daniel, 2023. "Which firms benefit the most from agglomeration? New evidence from an emerging country with consistent measure of productivity," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    8. Nicola Cortinovis & Frank van Oort, 2017. "Between spilling over and boiling down: network-mediated spillovers, absorptive capacity and productivity in European regions," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 17-118/VI, Tinbergen Institute.
    9. Jianyi Li & Douglas Webster & Jianming Cai & Larissa Muller, 2019. "Innovation Clusters Revisited: On Dimensions of Agglomeration, Institution, and Built-Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, June.
    10. Nils Grashof & Alexander Kopka, 2023. "Widening or closing the gap? The relationship between artificial intelligence, firm-level productivity and regional clusters," Bremen Papers on Economics & Innovation 2304, University of Bremen, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics.
    11. Franziska Pudelko & Christian Hundt & Linus Holtermann, 2018. "Gauging two sides of regional economic resilience in Western Germany—Why sensitivity and recovery should not be lumped together," Review of Regional Research: Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, Springer;Gesellschaft für Regionalforschung (GfR), vol. 38(2), pages 141-189, October.
    12. Hundt, Christian & Holtermann, Linus & Steeger, Jonas & Bersch, Johannes, 2019. "Cluster externalities, firm capabilities, and the recessionary shock: How the macro-to-micro-transition shapes firm performance during stable times and times of crisis," MPRA Paper 91802, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Enrique Claver-Cortés & Bartolome Marco-Lajara & Encarnacion Manresa-Marhuenda, 2016. "Types of agglomeration economies: effects on business innovation," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 10(3), September.
    14. Lee, Chang-Yang, 2018. "Geographical clustering and firm growth: Differential growth performance among clustered firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(6), pages 1173-1184.
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