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Knowledge externalities and firm heterogeneity: Effects on high and low growth firms

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  • Markus Grillitsch
  • Magnus Nilsson

Abstract

Knowledge externalities affect high and low growth firms differently. This paper develops two theoretical arguments. The knowledge equilibrium argument postulates that knowledge externalities weaken high growth firms for the benefit of low growth firms until performance differences vanish. The knowledge competition argument proposes that high growth firms are better positioned to identify, attract, and integrate knowledge, thereby expanding the performance gap between high and low growth firms. Based on 188,936 observations of 32,736 Swedish firms from 2004 to 2011, it is analysed whether knowledge externalities enable high growth firms to surge ahead or low growth firms to catch up. Las externalidades del conocimiento afectan de manera diferente a las empresas de alto y bajo crecimiento. Este artículo desarrolla dos argumentos teóricos. El argumento del equilibrio del conocimiento postula que las externalidades del conocimiento debilitan a las empresas de alto crecimiento en beneficio de las empresas de bajo crecimiento hasta que desaparecen las diferencias de rendimiento. El argumento de la competencia por el conocimiento propone que las empresas de alto crecimiento están en una mejor posición para identificar, atraer e integrar el conocimiento, ampliando así la brecha de rendimiento entre las empresas de alto y bajo crecimiento. Se emplean 188.936 observaciones de 32.736 empresas suecas entre 2004 y 2011 como la bases para analizar si las externalidades del conocimiento permiten que las empresas de alto crecimiento se adelanten o que las de bajo crecimiento se pongan a la altura. 知識の外部性は、成長率が高い企業と低い企業によって異なる影響を及ぼす。本稿では2つの議論を展開する。「知識均衡論 (knowledge equilibrium argument)」は、知識の外部性が、高成長企業と低成長企業の業績の差がなくなるまで、低成長企業に利益を与えて高成長企業を弱らせることを前提とする。「知識競争論 (knowledge competition argument)」は、高成長企業は、認知度、魅力、知識の統合において優位であり、それによって低成長企業との業績の差を拡大するという理論である。2004年~2011年のスウェーデンの32,736の企業に対する188,936件の調査を基に、知識の外部性が高成長企業の成長を更に促進するのか、または低成長企業が追い上げるのを可能にするのか否かを分析する。

Suggested Citation

  • Markus Grillitsch & Magnus Nilsson, 2019. "Knowledge externalities and firm heterogeneity: Effects on high and low growth firms," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 98(1), pages 93-114, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:98:y:2019:i:1:p:93-114
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12342
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    Cited by:

    1. Lara Abdel Fattah & Giuseppe Arcuri & Aziza Garsaa & Nadine Levratto, 2020. "Firm financial soundness and knowledge externalities: A comparative regional analysis," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(5), pages 1459-1486, October.
    2. Speldekamp, Daniël & Knoben, Joris & Saka-Helmhout, Ayse, 2020. "Clusters and firm-level innovation: A configurational analysis of agglomeration, network and institutional advantages in European aerospace," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(3).
    3. Pindado, Emilio & Sánchez, Mercedes & García Martínez, Marian, 2023. "Entrepreneurial innovativeness: When too little or too much agglomeration hurts," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(1).
    4. Cheng-Hua Tzeng, 2021. "Executing absorptive capacity: a case study of spillover utilization by a domestic firm in China’s hotel industry," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(3), pages 409-434, July.
    5. Magnus Nilsson & Torben Schubert & Johan Miörner, 2025. "The productivity effects of regional anchors on local firms in Swedish regions between 2007 and 2019—evidence from an expert-informed machine learning approach," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 25(2), pages 215-234.
    6. Georgios Fotopoulos, 2023. "Knowledge Spillovers, Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Geography of High Growth Firms," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(5), pages 1877-1914, September.
    7. Grashof, Nils, 2020. "Putting the watering can away Towards a targeted (problem-oriented) cluster policy framework," Papers in Innovation Studies 2020/4, Lund University, CIRCLE - Centre for Innovation Research.
    8. Giuseppe Arcuri & Nadine Levratto & Aziza Garsaa & Lara Abdel Fattah, 2019. "Firm soundness and knowledge externalities: a comparative regional analysis," EconomiX Working Papers 2019-10, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    9. Alvaro von Borries & Markus Grillitsch & Karl-Johan Lundquist, 2024. "Structural transformation, the knowledge economy, and the geography of low-income work," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 24(2), pages 285-308.
    10. Nils Grashof & Alexander Kopka, 2023. "Widening or closing the gap? The relationship between artificial intelligence, firm-level productivity and regional clusters," Bremen Papers on Economics & Innovation 2304, University of Bremen, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics.
    11. von Borries, Alvaro & Grillitsch, Markus & Lundquist, Karl-Johan, 2022. "Geographies of Low-Income Jobs: The concentration of low-income jobs, the knowledge economy and labor market polarization in Sweden, 1990-2018," Papers in Innovation Studies 2022/4, Lund University, CIRCLE - Centre for Innovation Research.
    12. Nils Grashof, 2020. "Spill over or Spill out? - A multilevel analysis of the cluster and firm performance relationship," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 2013, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Mar 2020.
    13. Guo, Di & Jiang, Kun & Xu, Chenggang & Yang, Xiyi, 2023. "Geographic clusters, regional productivity and resource reallocation across firms: Evidence from China," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(2).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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