IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/entthe/v47y2023i5p1788-1815.html

One Size Does Not Fit All: Organizational Rewards, Managerial Experience, and Employee Retention in Entrepreneurial New Ventures

Author

Listed:
  • Fei Zhu
  • Alexander Newman

Abstract

This study integrates human capital theory and research on organizational rewards to examine how one financial reward (i.e., pay level relative to the market average) and three non-financial rewards (i.e., job autonomy, growth opportunities, and team support) jointly influence employee retention in entrepreneurial new ventures. It also examines the moderating role of managerial experience on these contingent relationships. The findings demonstrate that relative pay level strengthens the positive effect of specific non-financial rewards on employee retention, and that employees with managerial experience and those without this experience can be retained using different reward strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Fei Zhu & Alexander Newman, 2023. "One Size Does Not Fit All: Organizational Rewards, Managerial Experience, and Employee Retention in Entrepreneurial New Ventures," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(5), pages 1788-1815, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:entthe:v:47:y:2023:i:5:p:1788-1815
    DOI: 10.1177/10422587221111729
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10422587221111729
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/10422587221111729?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zarutskie, Rebecca, 2010. "The role of top management team human capital in venture capital markets: Evidence from first-time funds," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 155-172, January.
    2. Gaylen N. Chandler & Steven H. Hanks, 1994. "Founder Competence, the Environment, and Venture Performance," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 18(3), pages 77-89, April.
    3. Flora F. T. Chiang & Thomas A. Birtch, 2012. "The Performance Implications of Financial and Non‐Financial Rewards: An Asian Nordic Comparison," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(3), pages 538-570, May.
    4. Mitchell, J. Robert & Shepherd, Dean A., 2010. "To thine own self be true: Images of self, images of opportunity, and entrepreneurial action," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 138-154, January.
    5. Frank Bau & Michael Dowling, 2007. "An Empirical Study of Reward and Incentive Systems in German Entrepreneurial Firms," Schmalenbach Business Review (sbr), LMU Munich School of Management, vol. 59(2), pages 160-175, April.
    6. Dan K. Hsu & J. Michael Haynie & Sharon A. Simmons & Alexander McKelvie, 2014. "What matters, matters differently: a conjoint analysis of the decision policies of angel and venture capital investors," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 1-25, January.
    7. Katsikea, Evangelia & Theodosiou, Marios & Perdikis, Nick & Kehagias, John, 2011. "The effects of organizational structure and job characteristics on export sales managers' job satisfaction and organizational commitment," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 221-233, April.
    8. Deniz Ucbasaran & Paul Westhead & Mike Wright, 2008. "Opportunity Identification and Pursuit: Does an Entrepreneur’s Human Capital Matter?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 153-173, February.
    9. Sanjib Chowdhury & Eric Schulz, 2022. "The levels of base pay and incentive pay used by small firms to compensate professional employees with general and specific human capital," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(1), pages 1-31, January.
    10. Karl Pajo & Alan Coetzer & Nigel Guenole, 2010. "Formal Development Opportunities and Withdrawal Behaviors by Employees in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 281-301, July.
    11. Rafikul Islam & Selim Ahmed, 2014. "Do managers and employees perceive motivating factors differently in Malaysia?," International Journal of Business and Systems Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 8(1), pages 72-90.
    12. Don Y. Lee & Eric W. K. Tsang, 2001. "The effects of entrepreneurial personality, background and network activities on venture growth," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 583-602, June.
    13. Gary S. Becker, 1964. "Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education, First Edition," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number beck-5, January.
    14. Colombo, Massimo G. & Grilli, Luca, 2005. "Founders' human capital and the growth of new technology-based firms: A competence-based view," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 795-816, August.
    15. Martin, Bruce C. & McNally, Jeffrey J. & Kay, Michael J., 2013. "Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 211-224.
    16. Dhar, Rajib Lochan, 2015. "Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 419-430.
    17. Jiing-Lih Farh & Anne S. Tsui & Katherine Xin & Bor-Shiuan Cheng, 1998. "The Influence of Relational Demography and Guanxi: The Chinese Case," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 9(4), pages 471-488, August.
    18. De Jong, Jeroen P. J. & Parker, Sharon K. & Wennekers, Sander & Wu, Chia-Huei, 2015. "Entrepreneurial behavior in organizations: does job design matter?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 53264, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    19. Tatiana S. Manolova & Nancy M. Carter & Ivan M. Manev & Bojidar S. Gyoshev, 2007. "The Differential Effect of Men and Women Entrepreneurs’ Human Capital and Networking on Growth Expectancies in Bulgaria," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 31(3), pages 407-426, May.
    20. Kristina Nyström & Gulzat Elvung, 2014. "New firms and labor market entrants: Is there a wage penalty for employment in new firms?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 43(2), pages 399-410, August.
    21. A. Amaral & Rui Baptista & Francisco Lima, 2011. "Serial entrepreneurship: impact of human capital on time to re-entry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 37(1), pages 1-21, July.
    22. Dean A. Shepherd & Andrew Zacharakis, 1999. "Conjoint analysis: A new methodological approach for researching the decision policies of venture capitalists," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(3), pages 197-217, July.
    23. Sicherman, Nachum & Galor, Oded, 1990. "A Theory of Career Mobility," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(1), pages 169-192, February.
    24. D. Charles Galunic & Erin Anderson, 2000. "From Security to Mobility: Generalized Investments in Human Capital and Agent Commitment," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, February.
    25. Robert L. Heneman & Judith W. Tansky & S. Michael Camp, 2000. "Human Resource Management Practices in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Unanswered Questions and Future Research Perspectives," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 25(1), pages 11-26, October.
    26. Udo Brixy & Susanne Kohaut & Claus Schnabel, 2007. "Do Newly Founded Firms Pay Lower Wages? First Evidence from Germany," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 161-171, June.
    27. Ola Bengtsson & John R. M. Hand, 2013. "Employee Compensation in Entrepreneurial Companies," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 312-340, June.
    28. Dirk De clercq & Imanol Belausteguigoitia Rius, 2007. "Organizational Commitment in Mexican Small and Medium‐Sized Firms: The Role of Work Status, Organizational Climate, and Entrepreneurial Orientation," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(4), pages 467-490, October.
    29. Jeroen P.J.de Jong & Sharon K. Parker & Sander Wennekers & Chia–Huei Wu, 2015. "Entrepreneurial Behavior in Organizations: Does Job Design Matter?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(4), pages 981-995, July.
    30. M. Diane Burton & Michael S. Dahl & Olav Sorenson, 2018. "Do Start-ups Pay Less?," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 71(5), pages 1179-1200, October.
    31. Lai, Yanqing & Saridakis, George & Blackburn, Robert & Johnstone, Stewart, 2016. "Are the HR responses of small firms different from large firms in times of recession?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 113-131.
    32. Jill Kickul, 2001. "Promises Made, Promises Broken: An Exploration of Employee Attraction and Retention Practices in Small Business," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(4), pages 320-335, October.
    33. Michael Lounsbury & Mary Ann Glynn, 2001. "Cultural entrepreneurship: stories, legitimacy, and the acquisition of resources," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(6‐7), pages 545-564, June.
    34. Moser, Kilian J. & Tumasjan, Andranik & Welpe, Isabell M., 2017. "Small but attractive: Dimensions of new venture employer attractiveness and the moderating role of applicants' entrepreneurial behaviors," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 588-610.
    35. Michael Roach & Henry Sauermann, 2015. "Founder or Joiner? The Role of Preferences and Context in Shaping Different Entrepreneurial Interests," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 61(9), pages 2160-2184, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kristina Nyström, 2021. "Working for an entrepreneur: heaven or hell?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 919-931, February.
    2. Seung Hoon D. Chung & Simon C. Parker, 2023. "Founder affiliations: jobseeker reactions and impact on employee recruitment by start-up ventures," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 259-283, June.
    3. Steven M. Gray & Travis Howell & Esther Sackett, 2024. "Talking Past Each Other: Construal Level, Utilitarian Motives, and Entrepreneurial Team Formation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(5), pages 1745-1769, September.
    4. Babina, Tania & Ma, Wenting & Moser, Christian & Ouimet, Paige & Zarutskie, Rebecca, 2019. "Pay, Employment, and Dynamics of Young Firms," MPRA Paper 95382, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Udo Brixy & Martin Murmann, 2025. "Hiring opportunities for new firms and the business cycle," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1387-1413, March.
    6. Sundriyal, Vivek Kumar & Gabrielsson, Jonas, 2024. "The employment consequences of founding an incorporated business among STEM founders: Evidence from Swedish microdata," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    7. Daniel Fackler & Lisa Hölscher & Claus Schnabel & Antje Weyh, 2022. "Does working at a start-up pay off?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 2211-2233, April.
    8. Mayer-Haug, Katrin & Read, Stuart & Brinckmann, Jan & Dew, Nicholas & Grichnik, Dietmar, 2013. "Entrepreneurial talent and venture performance: A meta-analytic investigation of SMEs," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(6), pages 1251-1273.
    9. Daniel Fackler & Michaela Fuchs & Lisa Hölscher & Claus Schnabel, 2019. "Do Start-ups Provide Employment Opportunities for Disadvantaged Workers?," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 72(5), pages 1123-1148, October.
    10. Scedrova, Anna & Morgan, Robert E. & De Luca, Luigi M., 2024. "Decomposing profile-to-role configurations in R&D-focused entrepreneurial teams," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 42(5), pages 813-823.
    11. Rocha, Vera & Pozzoli, Dario, 2021. "Give it Another Shot: Startup Experience and the Mobilization of Human Resources in New Ventures," Working Papers 11-2021, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics.
    12. Anne Domurath & Holger Patzelt, 2016. "Entrepreneurs’ Assessments of Early International Entry: The Role of Foreign Social Ties, Venture Absorptive Capacity, and Generalized Trust in Others," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 40(5), pages 1149-1177, September.
    13. Fawzy Basardien & Chris Friedrich & Michael Twum-Darko, 2016. "Evidence-Based Practices of Promoting Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education Institutions in Africa," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 8(5), pages 68-81.
    14. Nuscheler, Daniela & Engelen, Andreas & Zahra, Shaker A., 2019. "The role of top management teams in transforming technology-based new ventures' product introductions into growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 122-140.
    15. Frank J. Van Rijnsoever & Marijn A. Van Weele & Chris P. Eveleens, 0. "Network brokers or hit makers? Analyzing the influence of incubation on start-up investments," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-25.
    16. Nair, Sujith & Blomquist, Tomas, 2021. "Exploring docility: A behavioral approach to interventions in business incubation," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(7).
    17. Jantje Halberstadt & Christoph Schank & Mark Euler & Rainer Harms, 2019. "Learning Sustainability Entrepreneurship by Doing: Providing a Lecturer-Oriented Service Learning Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-22, February.
    18. Lewis, Trey & Cardon, Melissa S., 2020. "The Magnetic Value of Entrepreneurial Passion for Potential Employees," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 14(C).
    19. Scheaf, David J. & Davis, Blakley C. & Webb, Justin W. & Coombs, Joseph E. & Borns, Jared & Holloway, Garrett, 2018. "Signals' flexibility and interaction with visual cues: Insights from crowdfunding," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 720-741.
    20. Anisur R. Faroque & Farhad Uddin Ahmed & Mahabubur Rahman & Mohammad Osman Gani & Sina Mortazavi, 2023. "Exploring the individual and joint effects of founders' and managers' experiential knowledge on international opportunity identification," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(4), pages 1274-1300, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:entthe:v:47:y:2023:i:5:p:1788-1815. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.