IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/rberur/0001.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Economic development and crime in Brazil: a multivariate and spatial analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Barros, Pedro Henrique Batista de

    (Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa)

  • Baggio, Isadora Salvalaggio

    (Graduanda em Arquitetura e Urbanismo na Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC/PR))

  • Stege, Alysson Luiz

    (Professor Adjunto do Departamento de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG))

  • Hilgemberg, Cleise Maria de Almeida Tupich

    (Professora Adjunta do Departamento de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG))

Abstract

This paper aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of crime in the 5,565 Brazilian municipalities and to investigate its relationship with local economic development. More specifically, we analyze the presence of spatial dependence and heterogeneity as well as spatial clusters among the municipalities, using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and homicide rate as a proxy for crime. Due to the large number of socioeconomic variables identified in the literature as important to explain crime, we created an Economic Development Index (EDI) for Brazilian municipalities that synthesizes all possible influences, using factor analysis from multivariate statistics. We also grouped municipalities with dissimilar crime and economic development characteristics via cluster analysis. The results show that both economic development and crime are spatially concentrated in Brazil, suffering from spatial dependence. In addition, the EDI and crime are negatively associated for most Brazilian municipalities both in spatial and cluster analysis, indicating that economic development is a crime inhibitor. However, there are some municipalities where economic development is not capable of barring crime advancement, which requires special attention by researchers and public agents.

Suggested Citation

  • Barros, Pedro Henrique Batista de & Baggio, Isadora Salvalaggio & Stege, Alysson Luiz & Hilgemberg, Cleise Maria de Almeida Tupich, 2019. "Economic development and crime in Brazil: a multivariate and spatial analysis," Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos, Associação Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos (ABER), vol. 13(1), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:rberur:0001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://revistaaber.org.br/rberu/article/view/380
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: ris
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ariaster B. Chimeli & Rodrigo R. Soares, 2017. "The Use of Violence in Illegal Markets: Evidence from Mahogany Trade in the Brazilian Amazon," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 30-57, October.
    2. André Oliveira Ferreira Loureiro & José Raimundo de Araújo Carvalho Júnior, 2007. "O Impacto Dos Gastos Públicos Sobre A Criminalidade No Brasil," Anais do XXXV Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 35th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 163, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    3. Henry Kaiser, 1958. "The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 23(3), pages 187-200, September.
    4. Gary S. Becker, 1974. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach," NBER Chapters, in: Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment, pages 1-54, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Adolfo Sachsida & Mario Mendonça & Paulo Loureiro & Maria Gutierrez, 2010. "Inequality and criminality revisited: further evidence from Brazil," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 39(1), pages 93-109, August.
    6. Ari Francisco de Araujo Junior & Pablo Fajnzylber, 2001. "O que causa a criminalidade violenta no Brasil? Uma análise a partir do modelo econômico do crime: 1981 a 1996," Textos para Discussão Cedeplar-UFMG td162, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
    7. Firouz Fallahi & Hamed Pourtaghi & Gabriel Rodríguez, 2012. "The unemployment rate, unemployment volatility, and crime," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 39(6), pages 440-448, May.
    8. Leandro Kume, 2004. "Uma Estimativa Dos Determinantes Da Taxa De Criminalidade Brasileira: Uma Aplicação Em Painel Dinâmico," Anais do XXXII Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 32nd Brazilian Economics Meeting] 148, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    9. Edward L. Glaeser & Bruce Sacerdote, 1999. "Why Is There More Crime in Cities?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 107(S6), pages 225-258, December.
    10. Geoffrey M. Steeves & Francis Carlo Petterini & Guilherme V. Moura, 2015. "The interiorization of Brazilian violence, policing, and economic growth," Economia, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics], vol. 16(3), pages 359-375.
    11. Scorzafave, Luiz Guilherme & Soares, Milena Karla, 2009. "Income inequality and pecuniary crimes," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 104(1), pages 40-42, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alexandre Carvalho & Daniel Cerqueira & Waldir Lobão, 2005. "Socioeconomic Structure, Self-Fuifilment, Homicides and Spatial Dependence in Brazil," Discussion Papers 1105, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
    2. Klebson Moura & Raul Silveira Neto, 2016. "Individual and contextual determinants of victimisation in Brazilian urban centres: A multilevel approach," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(8), pages 1559-1573, June.
    3. Bebonchu Atems, 2020. "Identifying the Dynamic Effects of Income Inequality on Crime," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 82(4), pages 751-782, August.
    4. Sandro de Freitas Ferreira & Suzana Quinet de Andrade Bastos & Admir Antonio Betarelli Junior, 2019. "The role of social control in Brazilian homicide rates," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(6), pages 2695-2717, November.
    5. Eva-Maria Egger, 2022. "Internal Migration and Crime in Brazil," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 71(1), pages 223-259.
    6. Gustavo Carvalho Moreira & Ana Lucia Kassouf & Marcelo Justus, 2018. "An estimate of the underreporting of violent crimes against property applying stochastic frontier analysis to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil [Estimativa do subregistro de crimes violentos contra a ," Nova Economia, Economics Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), vol. 28(3), pages 778-806, September.
    7. Alves, Luiz G.A. & Ribeiro, Haroldo V. & Mendes, Renio S., 2013. "Scaling laws in the dynamics of crime growth rate," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(11), pages 2672-2679.
    8. Luiz G A Alves & Haroldo V Ribeiro & Ervin K Lenzi & Renio S Mendes, 2013. "Distance to the Scaling Law: A Useful Approach for Unveiling Relationships between Crime and Urban Metrics," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(8), pages 1-8, August.
    9. Pazzona, Matteo, 2024. "Revisiting the Income Inequality-Crime Puzzle," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    10. Entorf, Horst & Spengler, Hannes, 2000. "Socioeconomic and demographic factors of crime in Germany: Evidence from panel data of the German states," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 75-106, March.
    11. Imrohoroglu, Ayse & Merlo, Antonio & Rupert, Peter, 2000. "On the Political Economy of Income Redistribution and Crime," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 41(1), pages 1-25, February.
    12. Milo Bianchi & Paolo Buonanno & Paolo Pinotti, 2012. "Do Immigrants Cause Crime?," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 10(6), pages 1318-1347, December.
    13. David R. Bowes, 2007. "A Two-Stage Model of the Simultaneous Relationship Between Retail Development and Crime," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 21(1), pages 79-90, February.
    14. Montolio, Daniel & Planells-Struse, Simón, 2015. "When police patrols matter. The effect of police proximity on citizens’ crime risk perception," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 73-93.
    15. Gomes, Fábio Augusto Reis & Paz, Lourenço Senne, 2008. "The Determinants of Criminal Victimization in São Paulo State, Brazil," Brazilian Review of Econometrics, Sociedade Brasileira de Econometria - SBE, vol. 28(2), November.
    16. Demombynes, Gabriel & Ozler, Berk, 2005. "Crime and local inequality in South Africa," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(2), pages 265-292, April.
    17. McCrary, Justin & Lee, David S., 2009. "The Deterrence Effect of Prison: Dynamic Theory and Evidence," Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, Working Paper Series qt2gh1r30h, Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics.
    18. Douhou, Salima & Magnus, Jan R. & van Soest, Arthur, 2011. "The perception of small crime," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 749-763.
    19. Emeline Bezin & Thierry Verdier & Yves Zenou, 2022. "Crime, Broken Families, and Punishment," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 14(4), pages 723-760, November.
    20. Eduardo Ferraz & Rodrigo Soares & Juan Vargas, 2022. "Unbundling the relationship between economic shocks and crime," Chapters, in: Paolo Buonanno & Paolo Vanin & Juan Vargas (ed.), A Modern Guide to the Economics of Crime, chapter 8, pages 184-204, Edward Elgar Publishing.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Economia do crime; Indicador de desenvolvimento econômico; Análise multivariada e espacial;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ris:rberur:0001. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Edson Paulo Domingues (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/aberrea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.