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Le chômage des jeunes en France : un état des lieux

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  • Catherine Bruno
  • Sandrine Cazes

Abstract

[eng] Over the last twenty years, youth unemployment has become a major issue of the French labour market situation. It explains the increasing public intervention in the labour market targeted to the youths. This article tries to shed some light on two main aspects of the youth labour market situation : the impact of the minimum wage on the youth (un)employment and the adequacy of the qualification acquired at school to the needs of firms. It compares also their situation to the adults' one. Overall, we have not found sharp specificities of youth unemployment compared to the adult one : more precisely, the economic activity is one of the most important determinants of both youth and adult unemployment. Moreover, our results suggest no evidence on the effect of the minimum wage on youth unemployment over the period. Finally, education problems (skill mismatch, training unrelated to subsequent employment, etc.) are emphasized by jobs shortage, so that the least qualified youths are « queuing for jobs » at the bottom of the file. [fre] En France, au cours des vingt dernières années, la lutte contre le chômage des jeunes est devenue un des objectifs prioritaires de tous les gouvernements. En effet, le taux de chômage des jeunes est rarement passé en dessous de 20 % depuis 1983. Cependant, cette situation n'est pas spécifiquement française ; l'Italie et l'Espagne connaissent, eux aussi, un taux de chômage des jeunes élevé. La persistance d'un taux de chômage des jeunes élevé en France est d'autant plus étonnante que les facteurs démographiques et Г allongement de la scolarité auraient dû contribuer à faciliter l'insertion des jeunes actifs sur le marché du travail. Le chômage semble être alors un passage obligé pour les jeunes dans un contexte économique défavorable. Face à ces problèmes, le débat sur le chômage des jeunes a porté sur le coût de travail et l'adéquation des formations aux emplois. L'examen de ces deux points se fait avec l'aide des données issues de l'enquête Emploi réalisée chaque année par l'Insee. Il ressort de cette étude que le chômage des jeunes, comme le chômage des adultes d'ailleurs, est très sensible à l'activité économique. Il n'a pas été possible de montrer, à partir des données annuelles issues de l'enquête Emploi, que le coût du travail avait un impact significatif sur le chômage des jeunes au cours de la période 1970-1994 . De plus, les problèmes de formation se trouvent exacerbés par le fait qu'il y ait une pénurie d'emplois qui se reporte sur les jeunes en général, mais plus encore sur les jeunes non qualifiés qui se retrouvent relégués en queue de file d'attente sur le marché du travail.

Suggested Citation

  • Catherine Bruno & Sandrine Cazes, 1997. "Le chômage des jeunes en France : un état des lieux," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 62(1), pages 75-107.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1997_num_62_1_1467
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1997.1467
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1997.1467
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    1. Eric Maurin & Theodora Xenogiani, 2007. "Demand for Education and Labor Market Outcomes: Lessons from the Abolition of Compulsory Conscription in France," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 42(4).
    2. Brigitte Dormont & Sandrine Dufour-Kippelen, 2000. "Insertion professionnelle et autonomie résidentielle : le cas des jeunes peu diplômés," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 337(1), pages 97-120.

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