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Fragmentation urbaine et chocs économiques : deux déterminants de l’offre de logements sociaux en France

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  • Gregory Verdugo

Abstract

L'évolution du nombre de logements sociaux par habitant est très contrastée entre les unités urbaines françaises. Comprendre les mécanismes expliquant les variations et l'évolution de l'offre de logements sociaux entre unités urbaines parait nécessaire en raison des conséquences économiques et sociales de la répartition de ces logements sur le territoire. L'objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence deux déterminants principaux de l'évolution de l'offre de logements sociaux par habitant au sein des unités urbaines. D'abord, l'article met en évidence un lien fort et négatif entre l'évolution de la fragmentation entre communes d'une unité urbaine et celle de l'offre de logements sociaux par habitant. Les unités urbaines les plus fractionnées, c'est-à-dire où la population est répartie dans de nombreuses communes, ont un mode de gouvernance dont les décisions sont relativement plus décentralisées. Les frontières communales permettent ainsi de différencier l'offre de logements sociaux entre communes d'une unité urbaine. L'article montre que les unités urbaines où la population est devenue plus fragmentée ont construit moins de logements sociaux que les unités urbaines qui sont restées plus intégrées. Ensuite, la durabilité du logement rend les politiques d'offre de logements sociaux persistantes au cours du temps, ce qui implique qu'il est difficile d'avoir un ajustement rapide de l'offre en cas de chocs économiques. Ainsi, si elles ne détruisent pas de logements sociaux, les communes en déclin peuvent voir « mécaniquement » augmenter leur offre de logements sociaux par habitant. L'article montre que l'offre de logements sociaux par habitant des unités urbaines en déclin économique a ainsi augmenté plus rapidement au cours de la période 1975-1999. Les différences d'offre de logements sociaux entre unités urbaines peuvent ainsi potentiellement perdurer de manière durable si le stock de logements sociaux ne diminue pas lorsque la population décroit.
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Suggested Citation

  • Gregory Verdugo, 2011. "Fragmentation urbaine et chocs économiques : deux déterminants de l’offre de logements sociaux en France," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 446(1), pages 3-24.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2011_num_446_1_9654
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2011.9654
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2011.9654
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    1. Jean-Louis Pan Ké Shon & Gregory Verdugo, 2015. "Forty years of immigrant segregation in France, 1968–2007. How different is the new immigration?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(5), pages 823-840, April.
    2. Gregory Verdugo, 2016. "Public housing magnets: public housing supply and immigrants’ location choices," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(1), pages 237-265.

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