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Élasticité de la production au capital informatique : estimations à l’aide de données d’entreprises

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  • Yoann Barbesol
  • Thomas Heckel
  • Simon Quantin

Abstract

[eng] We calibrate a key parameter of growth accounting— the IT capital elasticity of production— by using the share of returns to IT capital in value added (Mairesse, Cette, and Kocoglu, 2000). The goal of our paper is to estimate this vital parameter econometrically. For our purpose, we use a very rich set of French business data compiled from standard corporate income tax returns (Bénéfices Réels Normaux) and employers’ annual declarations of payroll data (Déclarations Annuelles de Données Sociales). Among other things, these data provide information on the stock of tangible fixed assets in the office equipment, furniture, and IT categories. We developed our measure of IT capital from this fixed-asset item. Our results suggest an IT capital elasticity of production of 0.9%, substantially above the 0.5% share of return on IT capital in production. Various robustness tests corroborate this result, which seems due to the likely existence of excess return on IT capital— a quantity that cannot be measured with the traditional growth-accounting method. Using our elasticity measure, we estimate the aggregate contribution of IT capital to value-added growth at about 0.7 percentage points. [spa] En el marco de la contabilidad del crecimiento, un parámetro esencial -la elasticidad de la producción respecto al capital informático– se determina utilizando la parte de la remuneración del capital informático en el valor añadido (Mairesse, Cette y Kocoglu, 2000). El objetivo del artículo es estimar este parámetro clave econométricamente. En este artículo se utilizan datos de empresas muy ricas, procedentes de declaraciones fiscales de los Beneficios Reales Normales y de las Declaraciones Anuales de Datos Sociales, para estimar este parámetro econométricamente. Estos datos proporcionan, entre otros elementos, información sobre el stock de inmovilizado material en mobiliario, informática y material de oficina. A partir de datos sobre esta partida de inmovilizado se construye nuestra medición del capital informático. Nuestros resultados sugieren una elasticidad de la producción del 0,9% respecto al capital informático, o sea significativamente superior a la parte de la remuneración del capital informático en la producción que es del 0,5%. Varios tests de robustez corroboran este resultado, cuyo origen parece relacionado con la probable existencia de un rendimiento excedentario («excess return») del capital informático, lo que no puede medirse con el método tradicional de la contabilidad del crecimiento. Por último, utilizando esta medida de la elasticidad, despejamos una estimación de la contribución agregada del capital informático al crecimiento del valor añadido del orden del 0,7%. [fre] Dans le cadre de la comptabilité de la croissance, un paramètre essentiel, l’élasticité de la production au capital informatique, est calibré en utilisant la part de la rémunération du capital informatique dans la valeur ajoutée (Mairesse, Cette et Kocoglu, 2000). L’objectif du papier est d’estimer économétriquement ce paramètre clé. Nous utilisons ici des données d’entreprises très riches, issues des déclarations fiscales des Bénéfices Réels Normaux et des Déclarations Annuelles de Données Sociales, pour estimer ce paramètre économétriquement. Ces données fournissent, entre autres, des informations sur le stock d’immobilisations corporelles en matériel de bureau, mobilier et informatique. C’est à partir des données sur ce poste des immobilisations qu’est construite notre mesure du capital informatique. Nos résultats suggèrent une élasticité de la production de 0,9 % au capital informatique, soit significativement supérieure à la part de la rémunération du capital informatique dans la production qui est de 0,5 %. Différents tests de robustesse corroborent ce résultat, dont l’origine semble liée à l’existence probable de rendements excédentaires («excess return») du capital informatique, que ne permet pas de mesurer la méthode traditionnelle de la comptabilité de la croissance. Enfin, utilisant cette mesure de l’élasticité, nous dégageons une estimation de la contribution agrégée du capital informatique à la croissance de la valeur ajoutée de l’ordre de 0,7 %. [ger] Im Rahmen der Wachstumsrechnung wird ein wichtiger Parameter - die Elastizität der Produktion gegenüber dem EDV-Kapital -unter Berücksichtigung des Anteils der Vergütung des EDV-Kapitals an der Wertschöpfung ermittelt (Mairesse, Cette und Kocoglu, 2000). Ziel dieser Studie ist es, diesen wichtigen Parameter ökonometrisch zu schätzen. Wir verwenden aussagekräftige Unternehmensdaten, die aus den Steuererklärungen (tatsächlicher Gewinn im Rahmen der ordentlichen Veranlagung) und aus den jährlichen Meldungen der Sozialdaten stammen, um diesen ökonometrischen Parameter zu schätzen. Diese Daten geben u. a. Aufschluss über das Anlagevermögen an Büroausstattung, Möbeln und EDV-Systemen. Anhand dieser Daten über das Anlagevermögen messen wir das EDV-Kapital. Wir gelangen zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Elastizität der Produktion gegenüber dem EDV-Kapital bei 0,9 % liegt, d. h. es ist wesentlich höher als der Anteil der Vergütung des EDV-Kapitals an der Produktion, der 0,5 % beträgt. Verschiedene Robustheittests bestätigen dieses Ergebnis, das auf das vermutliche Vorhandensein überschüssiger Erträge („ excess return“) aus dem EDV-Kapital zurückzuführen ist, das mit der herkömmlichen Methode der Wachstumsrechnung nicht gemessen werden kann. Bei dieser Messung der Elastizität gelangen wir zu einer Schätzung, wonach der aggregierte Beitrag des EDV-Kapitals zum Wachstum der Wertschöpfung bei 0,7 % liegt.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoann Barbesol & Thomas Heckel & Simon Quantin, 2008. "Élasticité de la production au capital informatique : estimations à l’aide de données d’entreprises," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 419(1), pages 55-71.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2008_num_419_1_7727
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2008.7727
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2008.7727
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    References listed on IDEAS

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